Cancer chromosome mutations

0.0(0)
Studied by 0 people
call kaiCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/8

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Last updated 9:27 PM on 6/3/26
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
Call with Kai

No analytics yet

Send a link to your students to track their progress

9 Terms

1
New cards

How is cancer defined?

  • uncontrolled cell growth

  • ability to spread

2
New cards

How does cancer develop?

  • step wise process from multiple DNA mutations

  • mutations in oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes

3
New cards
<p>What are oncogenes?</p>

What are oncogenes?

  • mutated proto-oncogene that promotes too much cell growth and division

  • protooncogenes regulate cell growth and division

  • like a GOF mutation; 1 copy enough to stimulate cancer

<ul><li><p>mutated proto-oncogene that promotes too much cell growth and division</p></li><li><p>protooncogenes regulate cell growth and division</p></li><li><p>like a GOF mutation; 1 copy enough to stimulate cancer</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
New cards
<p>What are tumor suppressor genes</p>

What are tumor suppressor genes

  • gene that controls/checks cell growth to ensure cell division occured properly

  • absense supports unregulated cell growth/divison

  • LOF; need two copies for cancer

<ul><li><p>gene that controls/checks cell growth to ensure cell division occured properly</p></li><li><p>absense supports unregulated cell growth/divison</p></li><li><p>LOF; need two copies for cancer</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
New cards

Mutliple copies of a gene are created on a chromosome, causing cancer. Is it an oncogene or tumor-suppressor gene? Why?

  • oncogene

  • gene amplified - increases cell growth

6
New cards
<p>How can translocation cause cancer-promoting mutations?</p>

How can translocation cause cancer-promoting mutations?

  • move chromosome pieces to a more active/inactive gene expression region

    • ex. proto-oncogene reciprocally translocated with another gene next to the enhancer. translocation causes GOF, overexpressing oncogene

    • ex. chromosome breaks in tumor suppressor enhancer, gene doesn’t get expressed

  • fusion gene - chromosome breaks and during repair joins part of one gene to part of another gene. The new hybrid gene may make an abnormal protein that promotes cancer

    • ex. overactive kinase activates everything

<ul><li><p>move chromosome pieces to a more active/inactive gene expression region</p><ul><li><p>ex. proto-oncogene reciprocally translocated with another gene next to the enhancer. translocation causes GOF, overexpressing oncogene </p></li><li><p>ex. chromosome breaks in tumor suppressor enhancer, gene doesn’t get expressed</p></li></ul></li><li><p>fusion gene - chromosome breaks and during repair joins part of one gene to part of another gene. The new hybrid gene may make an abnormal protein that promotes cancer</p><ul><li><p>ex. overactive kinase activates everything</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
7
New cards

Are these likely causes of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes causing cancer?

  • Large chromosomal deletion

  • Large chromosomal duplication

  • trisomy

  • monosomy

  • Large chromosomal deletion - tumor suppressor

  • Large chromosomal duplication - oncogene

  • trisomy - oncogene

  • monosomy - tumor suppressor

8
New cards

What would a point mutation GOF vs LOF cause in a proto-oncogene? What would a frameshift cause?

  • GOF - cancer

  • LOF - less cell growth

  • frameshift - likely LOF, less cell growth

9
New cards

What would a point mutation GOF vs LOF cause in a tumor suppressor gene?

  • GOF - more checked cell growth

  • LOF - cancer if only copy or copy in both alleles

  • frameshift; cancer if only copy or copy in both alleles