dfghjkl 3.5-3.10

define homeostasis

maintenance of stable internal conditions

how might plants respond to drought

stomata close to reduce water loss

what is a hypothesis

testable explanation or prediction

what should an experiment include

control group, variables, repeated trials, collected data

how does the respiratory system respond to exercise

increased breathing rate

how does the circulatory system respond to exercise

increased heart rate and blood flow

what is a short term response

temporary physiological change in an individual

what is an adaption

heritable trait that improves survival over generations

what does natural selection do

increases frequency of beneficial traits

what is the EPAS1 gene associated with

high-altitude adaption

how can EPAS1 mutations help at high altitude

improve oxygen regulation under low oxygen conditions

how do high altitude human populations adapt

changes in oxygen transport and respiration

what respiratory adaptions help birds at high altitude

efficient lungs and unidirectional airflow

what can genetic comparisons reveal

adaptions between populations

what is a mutation

change in DNA sequence

how can mutations affect hemoglobin

alter amino acid sequence and oxygen binding

what is primary structure

amino acid sequence of a protein

how can a mutation affect hemoglobin function

change oxygen affinity

what is a genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

biological species concept defines species by

ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

what does the phylogenetic species concept use

evolutionary relationships

what are impacts of climate change on earth

rising temp, altered ecosystems, drought, sea level rise

how can increased CO2 affect plants

may increase photosynthesis

how can drought affect plants

causes water stress and reduced growth

what is bulk flow in plants

movement of water through xylem driven by transpiration

does bulk flow require energy input

NO

what is cavitation

formation of air bubbles in xylem

what can cavitation cause

xylem collapse and reduced water transport

what are abiotic components

nonliving factors in an ecosystem

what are biotic components

living factors in an ecosystem

give examples of biotic factors

plants, animals, bacteria, fungi

what is predation

one organism kills and eats another

what is competition

Organisms compete for limited resources

How do abiotic factors affect distribution?

Organisms survive only within suitable conditions

How do biotic factors affect abundance?

Interactions influence population size

What can ecosystem data show?

Relationships among ecosystem components

What can happen if a biological component is removed from an ecosystem?

Changes in distribution, abundance, and species composition

Why are keystone species important?

They strongly affect ecosystem structure

What is ecosystem conservation?

Protection and management of ecosystems and biodiversity

Give examples of conservation methods

Protected areas, habitat restoration, sustainable resource use

give examples of abiotic factors

temp, water, sunlight, soil