2a50-6655-4944-9ef0-0bce368e7fc4.txt

In cancer cells, __________ mutations are responsible for driving the cancer state.

driver

Mutations that serve no significant role in cancer development are referred to as __________ mutations.

passenger

Cancer cells can acquire a slew of mutations because they lack the ability to __________.

repair DNA damage

The drug __________ is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of overexpressed HER2.

Herceptin

Chemotherapeutic drugs like Taxol can disrupt __________ in any proliferating cell, leading to side effects.

mitosis

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) use the specificity of an antibody to deliver __________ directly to tumor cells.

cytotoxic drugs

The most frequent oncogenic mutation found in RAS is the __________ mutation at position 12.

glycine to another amino acid (e.g., G12C)

Vemurafenib is a specific inhibitor that targets the __________ mutation in the RAF gene.

V600E

Acquired resistance to treatments like Vemurafenib can occur through __________ within the RAF gene.

deletion of the regulatory domain

The BCR-ABL oncogene is a result of a chromosomal rearrangement that combines the BCR gene with a __________ gene, causing leukemia.

tyrosine kinase (ABL)