RA 11166

HIV/AIDS

Believed to have originated in the democratic republic of congo adn the most common form of this virus was transmitted from chimpanzees to humans

1979

When was AIDS first described

1982

First case of transfussion-associated AIDS found in an infant

1984

First case of HIV infection in the Philippines

1989

HIV testing became a mandatory, screening test for blood units pursuant to AO No. 57, series of 1989

December 3, 1992

When was the Philippine National AIDS Council created?

Philippine National AIDS Council

Tasked to provide a comprehensive approach to the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines

February 13, 1998

RA no. 8504 came into law

R.A no 8504

Philippine AIDS Prevention Control Act of 1998

Philippine AIDS Prevention Control of 1998

Republic Act No. 8504

R.A no. 8504

First law intended to prevent and control the spread of AIDS

R.A no 11166

Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act

Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act

R.A no. 11166

December 20, 2018

R.A no. 11166 was approved and become a law when?

R.A 11166

Prevailing law in regulating matters relating to HIV and AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus

Retrovirus that infects the cells of the human immune system and destroys or impairs the cells’ function

Immune deficiency

Infection with HIV results in the progressive deterioration of the immune system, leading to what?

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Refer to a health condition wherein a deficiency makes an individual susceptible to opportunistic infections

Opportunistic infection

Refer to a disease caused by various organism, many of which do not cause illness in person with a healthy immune system, such as tuberculosis

Human immunodeficiency virus transmission

Transfer of HIV from one infected person to uninfected individual through activities such as unprotected sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, sharing contaminated intravenous needles or during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding

Safe sex practices

Refer to choices and behavior adopted by a person to reduce or minimize the risk of HIV transmission

Philippine national aids council (PNAC)

Agency attached to the DOH, that is primarily tasked to ensure the implementation of the country’s response to the HIV and AIDS situation

Express consent

Written consent from the person taking the test and which must be obtained first before HIV testing

Implied consent

Consent that is indirectly given by reason of operation of law

Informed consent

Involuntary agreement of a person to undergo or be subjected to a procedure based on full information, whether such information is written or conveyed verbally

Mature minor doctrine

Legal principle that recognizes the capacity of some minors, to consent independently to medical procedures, if they have been assessed by qualified healthcare professionals to understand the nature of procedures and their consequences to make a decision on their own

Voluntary HIV testing

Testing done on an individual who, after having undergone pre-test counseling willingly submits to such test

Compulsory HIV testing

Occurs when the test is imposed upon an individual without consent, as well as requiring the test as a prerequisite for employment or other purpose, and other circumstances when an informed choice is absent

Confirmatory test

Test performed on samples reactive to the screening test to ensure that results are true positive

HIV counseling

Interpersonal and dynamic communication process between a client and a trainde counselor

Counselor

Bound by a code of ethics and practice to resolve personal, social, or psychological problems and difficulties

Pre-test counseling

Process of providing an individual with information on the biomedical aspects HIV/AIDS and emotional support for any psychological implications of undergoing HIV testing and the test result itself before the individual is subjected to the test

Post-test counseling

Process of providing risk-reduction information and emotional support to a person who submits to HIV testing at the time the result is released

Anti-retroviral therapy

Refers to the treatment that stops or suppresses the replication of retroviruses

Medical confidentiality

Core duty of medical practice where the information provided by the patient to a health practitioner and his/her health status is kept private and is not devulged to any third parties

Partner notification

Process by which the “index client,” “source” or “patient” who has sexually transmitted infection is given support in order to notify and advise the partner who have been exposed to infection

R.A no. 9165

Comprehensive Dangerous Act of 2002

Comprehensive dangerous act of 2002

Republic Act no. 9165

R.A no. 9165

Mandates the DOH to license, accredit, establish and maintain a drug test network and laboratory, initiate, conduct and support scientific research on drugs and drug control

July 11, 2023

DOH promulgated the Implementing Rules and Regulations Governing the Accreditation of Drug Testing Laboratories in the Philippines

October 2003

DOH designed a computer-based system called IDTOMIS

Interim Drug Test Operations and Management Information System

Integrated system that captures data of accrediting DTLs and rehabilitations renters, drug testing operations at different levels of implementation, verification of pending transactions and monitoring and evaluation of standards, systems and performance

January 5, 2009

DOH started the nationwide implementation of IDTOMIS

Health facilities and services regulatory bureau

The central data of IDTOMIS is located where?

R.A no. 9165

Law that institutes the comprehensive dangerous act of 2002

R.A 6425

R.A 9165 was repealed to what?

Dangerous drug act of 1972

R.A 6425

R.A no 6425

Dangerous drug act of 1972

Drug testing laboratory

Private or government facility that is capable of testing a specimen to determine the presence of dangerous drugs therein

Governmetn DTLs

Operated and maintained partially or wholly by national, provincial, city or municipal government or other political unit

Private DTLs

Privately owned, established, and operated with funds through donation, principal, investment or other means, by any individual, corporation, association, or organization

Institution-based DTLs

Located within the premises as part of the institution

Freestanding DTLs

Located outside the premises of an institution and operate independently

Screening laboratories

Capable of performing screening tests

Confirmatory laboratories

Capable of performing qualitative and quantitative examinations of dangerous drugs from the specimen

Pathologist

Head DTL of screening DTL

Pathologist

Head DTL of confirmatory DTL

10 DTLs

How many DTLs are licensed physician allowed to supervise?

Specimen collector

Member of the laboratory personnel who collects specimens from a patient, client or subject

20 sqm

Floor area of screening DTL

60 sqm

Floor area of confirmatory DTL

10 sqm

Work area of screening DTL

30 sqm

Work area of confirmatory DTL

Chain of custody

Procedures to account for each specimen by tracking its handling and storage from point of collection to final disposal

Screening test

Qualitative test that refer to a test to eliminate negative specimens from further consideration and to identify the presumpotively positive specimens that requires confirmatory testing

Confirmatory test

Quantitative test that refers to the analytical procedure used to identify and quantify the presence of a specific drugs or metabolite, which is independent of the initial test and which uses a different technique and chemical principle from that of the screening test in order to ensure reliability and accuracy

Immunoassay

Methods used for preliminary screening based in antibody-antigen reaction

Chromatography

Separation of a mixture is the main outcome of this method

Hyphenated technique

Combination of two sophisticated technologies

National reference laboratory

Who is authorized to conduct a proficiency test?

National reference laboratory

Authorized to conduct the proficiency testing for all screening and confirmatory DTLs

June 27, 1996

When was the Philippine Newborn Screening Project initiated?

January 3, 2000

When did the DOH issue A.O no. 1-A, series of 2000 stating the “Policies for the Nationwide Implementation of Newborn Screening”?

A.O no. 1-A, series of 2000

What administrative order did the DOH issue on January 3, 2000?

December 9, 2003

When did the DOH issue Administrative order no. 121, series of 2003 stating the “Strengthening Implementation of the National Newbown Screening System”?

A.O no. 121, series of 2003

What administrative order did the DOH issue on December 9, 2003?

January 20, 2004

When did the DOH issue Proclamation no. 540?

Proclamation no. 540

What proclamation did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on issue on January 20, 2004

Republic act 9288

Newborn screening act of 2004

July 7, 2004

When was R.A 9288 approved?

R.A 9288

Law promulgating a comprehensive policy and a national system for ensuring newborn screening

Newborn screening

Process of collecting a few drops of blood from the newborn onto an appropriate collection card and performing biochemical testing to determine if the newborn has a herritable condition

Newborn screening

Simple procedure used to find out if a newborn has a congenital disorder that may lead to mental retardation or even death if left untreated

Expanded newborn screening

Examination that increases the coverage of the newborn screening panel from 6 to 28 types of congenital disorder that fall into various categories

A.O no. 2014-0045-A

States that effective may 1, 2019, all infants born in accreditated NBS facilities shall be tested for ENBS only

Newborn

Refers to a child from the time of complete delviery to 30 days old

24 hours

NBS shall be performed after how many hours of life?

Newborn screening facility

Health facility that educates parents about NBS during the prenatal period, collects blood samples for NBS, sends the specimens to the NSC, recalls patients found positive in NBS, and assists in the management of patients

Newborn screening center

Facility equipped with an NBS laboratory that complies with the standards established by the National Institute of Health and provides all the required laboratory tests and recall/follow-up programs for newborn with heritable conditions

Newborn screening confirmatory center

Central facility at the national institute of health that defines testing and follow-up protocols, maintains an external laboratory proficiency testing program, assist in training activities on various aspects, and acts as the Secretary of the Advisory Committee on Newborn Screening

Newborn screening continuity clinic

Ambulatory clinic based in a tertiary hospital and identified by the DOH to be part of the national comprehensive newborn screening system treatment network

Newborn screening continuity clinic

Equipped to facilitate continuity of care of confirmed patients in its area of coverage

March 22, 2024

When was R.A 9275 signed into law?

R.A 9275

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

R.A 9275

R.A 9275

Law with the aim of maintaining and safeguarding water quality

A.O no. 24, series of 2006

Monitor the quality services of water testing laboratory in the Philippines

Presidential decree no. 856

Code on sanitation of the philippines

Presidential decree no. 856

Contain sanitary regulations, including regulation of water analysis laboratories and examination of water supply, in keeping with the modern standard of sanitation