Buddhism Final

Ambedkarite Buddhist Movement

Movement among Dalits in India, Rejected Hinduism and caste systems, promoted Dalit rights

1. Relate to in class: Discussions of New Buddhist Movements in class

2. Connect to vocab: Socially Engaged Buddhism

Aung San Suu Kyi

Leader of democratic resistance to military rule in Burma, awarded nobel peace prize

1. Relate to in class: Discussions of New Buddhist Movements in class

2. Connect to vocab: Rohingyas (Aung is blamed for defending the army that burned their homes)

Bardo

The state in between births.

1. Relate to in class: Discussions on Vajrayana Buddhism and film on the passing of a Buddhist monk (TO the land of Bliss)

2. Connect to vocab: Tibetan Book of The Dead

Bodhidharma

Indian scholar who established chan/zen in East Asia

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Zen Buddhism and how it was established

2. Connect to vocab: Zen

Chan

Chinese abbreviation of chan-na which is the chinese translation of dhyana which is the Sanskrit word for meditation.

1. Relate to in class:  Discussion of Zen Buddhism and how it was established

2. Connect to vocab: Zen (japanese translation)

Dalai Lama

“Ocean of Wisdom teacher” head of gelugpa order, manifestation of Avalokiteshvara, used to be political leader of Tibet.

1. Relate to in class: Discussions of Vajrayana Buddhism and political issues in Tibet

2. Connect to vocab: Gelugpa

Dhyana

“meditation”, Sanskrit translation, refers to a common set of ideas and practices connected to meditation.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Zen Buddhism and how it was established

2. Connect to vocab: Zen (japanese translation)

Dogen

A monk who established Zen in Japan, created the Soto school.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Zen Buddhism and how it was established in Japan

2. Connect to vocab: Soto

ecology monk

A monk who mixes their spiritual practices and beliefs with enviorenmental activism

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of reading Practical Spirituality and Comunirty Forests. How Buddhism helps modern enviorenmental concerns

2. Connect to vocab: Humanistic Buddhism

Eisai

A monk who established Zen in Japan, created the Rinzai school.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Zen Buddhism and how it was established

2. Connect to vocab: Rinzai

Gelugpa

“Yellow hat” most known Tibetan monastic order.

1. Relate to in class: Discussions of Vajrayana Buddhism and Buddhist culture in Tibet

2. Connect to vocab: Dalai Lama

Humanistic Buddhism

Movement that aims to improve life in this world rather than emphasizing birth in a pureland

1. Relate to in class: Discussions of New Buddhist Movements in class

2. Connect to vocab: Ambedkarite Buddhist Movement

Khorra

ritual circumambulation around a sacred site with the right side facing the site, gains merrit.

1. Relate to in class: Discussions of New Buddhist Movements and political movements in Tibet

2. Connect to vocab: Socially Engaged Buddhism

Koan

“meditation question or puzzle”

1. Relate to in class: Discussion on practices within Zen Buddhism

2. Connect to vocab: Zen

Lama

“teacher” (guru in Sanskrit) someone who mastered meditative practices and rituals.

1. Relate to in class: Discussions of Vajrayana Buddhism

2. Connect to vocab: Dalai Lama

Mahakala

“Great time”, wrathful manifestation of Avalokiteshvara.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Vajrayana Beliefs

2. Connect to vocab: tantra (mahakala is often visualized during these practices)

Mahakassapa

First of 28 patriarchs in zen lineage, one of Buddha's disciples, gains enlightenment when Buddha holds up a flower smiling.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Buddhism and Zen Buddhisms establishment

2. Connect to vocab: Zen

Milarepa

The most renowned siddha in Tibet, erases bad karma and gains nirvana.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Vajrayana Buddhism and its beliefs

2. Connect to vocab: siddha

Padmasambhava

tantric master, brought Vajrayana Buddhism to Tibet in 8th c. CE.

1. Relate to in class: Discussions of Vajrayana Buddhism and Tibetan culture

2. Connect to vocab: Milarepa (another important person in Tibet) 

Panchen Lama

A tulku whose reincarnation was kidnapped by the Chinese government and replaced.

1. Relate to in class: Discussions of Vajrayana Buddhdim and Tibetan issues wih China

2. Connect to vocab: Lama 

Rinzai

Zen school in Japan, popular among the elites in samurai culture, shrank with decline of military culture.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Zen Buddhism and how it was established

2. Connect to vocab: Eisai

Rohingyas

Ethnic minority of muslims, migrated from Burma to Bangladesh

1. Relate to in class: Discussion on New Buddhist Movements and Buddhism in politics

2. Connect to vocab: Aung San Suu Kyi

Sadhana

“distinct meditative practice”, involves visualization of specific Mahayana deities.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Vajrayana practices

2. Connect to vocab: siddha(because each siddha is associated witha particular sadhana)

shikantaza

“just sitting”, a form of meditation within Soto Zen.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Zen Buddhist practices

2. Connect to vocab: Soto or dogen

siddha

“Spiritual adept saint”, possess spiritual powers upon enlightenment (most also regarded as bodhisattvas). 

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Vajrayana beliefs

2. Connect to vocab:  sadhana (because each siddha is associated with a particular sadhana)

Socially Engaged Buddhism

Social activist movement that emphasizes mindfulness and social reform.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Modern Buddhism and Buddhism involved in politics

2. Connect to vocab: Thich Nhat Hanh (coined the term during the Vietnam war)

Soto

School of Zen Buddhism brought to Japan by Dogen, emphasizes Shikantaza.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Zen Buddhism and how it was established

2. Connect to vocab: Dogen

Tantra

A school of thought that attempts to tap into a set of spiritual energies and conquer desire.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Vajrayana Buddhism beliefs

2. Connect to vocab: Mahakala (often visualized during these practices)

Thich Nhat Hanh

Author of Old Path White Clouds

1. Relate to in class: Discussions and readings of Old Path White Clouds

2. Connect to vocab: Socially Engaged Buddhism

Tibetan Book of the Dead

Contains a set of instructions concerning the afterlife. Receipted aloud to the dying or recently dead in order to help them achieve nirvana or a better rebirth.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Vajrayana Buddhism in Tibet

2. Connect to vocab: Bardo

Tulku

“reincarnate teacher” builds on Mahayana belief of bodhisattva's repeated birth to help people.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Vajrayana Buddhism and beliefs

2. Connect to vocab: Dalai lama (He is a reincarnating teacher)

yogini

“female deity or spirit”, guides practitioners to wisdom and enlightenment.

1. Relate to in class: Discussion of Vajrayana Buddhism

2. Connect to vocab: Mahakala (another important figure in Vajrayana)

Zafu

“Cushion” used for seated meditation.

1. Relate to in class: Discussions on Zen Meditation. Book: Zen Mind

2. Connect to vocab: Zazen

Zazen

“Seated Meditation”, cross legged, straight backed, eyes half opened.

1. Relate to in class: Discussions on Zen Meditation. Book: Zen Mind

2. Connect to vocab: Zendo

Zen

School of Buddhism, Japanese translation of word channa which translated from Sanskrit word dhyana which means meditation.

1. Relate to in class: Discussions on Zen Buddhism. Book: Zen Mind

2. Connect to vocab: Zazen

Zendo

“Meditation Hall”, where zazen is practiced.

1. Relate to in class: Discussions on Zen Meditation. Book: Zen Mind

2. Connect to vocab: Zen

Four Noble Truths

1. There is suffering

2. attachment, craving and desire is the origin to suffering

3. There is an end to suffering: when desire ends

4. There is a path to end suffering: the Noble Eightfold path.

Triple Gem

The Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha.

Three Buddhist Traditions

1. Mahayana: “Greater Vehicle”

2. Vajrayana: “Diamond or Thunderbolt Vehicle”

3. Theravada: “Way of the Elders”

Two features of life in a Buddhist monastery

1. Meditation and Mindfulness: no matter what school all have some form of meditation

2. Community: Social whether with other monks or the lay

Two examples of koans used in Rinzai meditation:

1. “If you meet the Buddha kill the Buddha”

2. “What is your original face before you were born”

3. “What is the sound of one hand clapping”

Aung San Suu Kyi is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her political activism

1991

Bodhidharma becomes the first Chinese patriarch of Chan Buddhism

530 CE

B. R. Ambedkar converts to Buddhism to protest caste discrimination in India

1956

Buddhism is introduced to Japan from Korea

6th c. CE

Buddhism is introduced to Korea from China

4th c. CE

Dalai Lama flees Tibet after a failed uprising against Chinese government occupation

1959

Padmasambhava introduces Vajrayana Buddhism to Tibet

8th c. CE.

Phrakhru Pitak conducts a tree ordination ritual in Thailand to promote conservation

1990

Sri Lankan civil war ends with the defeat of the Tamil Tigers

2009

Thich Nhat Hanh organizes School of Youth for Social Service during Vietnam War

1964

Tibetan Buddhist monks initiate three demonstrations around the Barkhor in Lhasa

1987