Breast Sonography Exam 1 - Part 1

describing terms, definition, and probe orientation

what is a hazard for sonography

thermal and mechanical tissue damage

is there any evidence for hazards/damage in sonography?

no

allergic reaction can occur due to:

gel

3 types of doppler imaging

color doppler, pulsed wave, continuous wave doppler

color doppler shows what

direction of blood flow

pulsed wave doppler shows what

characteristics of blood flow

simple cyst characteristics

round, thin walled, posterior acoustic enhancement, and edge shadowing

septated cyst characteristics

multiple compartments, echogenic linear structures

is the probe longitudinal or transverse

longitudinal

is the probe longitudinal or transverse

transverse

what position is this

fowlers

when the transducer is angled superiorly just beneath the inferior costal margin

subcostal

when the transducer is between the ribs

intercostal

true/false: two scanning planes used over the breast. each plane should be at 90 degrees to the other to ensure thorough examination of the breast parenchyma

true

echotexture types

homogenous and heterogenous

characteristic terms

hyperechoic, hypoechoic, isoechoic, anechoic

description of composition

cystic, solid, complex, septated

border definition terms

smooth, well-defined, and irregular

echotexture definition

describes the texture

homogenous

uniform in texture

heterogenous

not uniform in texture

echogenic

echo producing structure — has echoes

hyperechoic

high level echoes, much brighter

what is an example of hyperechoic

gallstones

echogenicity depends on:

density of structure

hypoechoic

lowlevel echoes, less bright, darker

isoechoic

very similar to normal parenchymal pattern

anechoic

no echoes, completely black

acoustic enhancement means that transmission of the sound beam is:

increased

acoustic enhancement means

fluid filled or water in body

what could be an example of acoustic enhancement

cyst or full bladder

acoustic shadowing means that transmission of the sound beam is:

decreased

acoustic shadowing means

solid

what would be an example of acoustic shadowing

gallstones or bone

well defined borders, anechoic, increased transmission

cyst

irregular or smooth borders, internal echoes, decreased transmission

solid

both cystic and solid properties

complex

solid

a structure that produces echoesx

• WELL DEFINED BORDERS

• INTERNAL ECHOES

• SEPTATIONS THICK OR THIN

• CYSTIC AREAS

complex

septated

multiple compartments

border definition terms

well-defined, irregular/ill-defined, thick/thin

border definition: microlobulations

lobulated scalloped shape (colliflower)

fluid fluid level

interface between two fluid with different acoustic characteristics

Cystic lesion divided into small compartments by thin walls or septations

loculated mass

which direction is the indicator for a right lateral

posterior

which direction is the indicator for a left lateral

anterior

which direction is the indicator for a lateral approach/coronal plane?

superior

increased transmission of a sound beam through a fluid filled source

acoustic enhancement

increased echo amplitude due to decreased attenuation of the beam refers to:

acoustic enhancement

decreased transmission of the sound beam

acoustic shadowing

what causes acoustic shadowing

the sound waves hitting a solid source

anechoic, well defined borders, acoustic enhancement

cystic

finger like, star-shaped projections, radiating from source

spiculations

90 degree angle sharp acute corners on mass

angular margins