Special Senses
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20 Terms
Taste Receptors Location
On the tongue, within taste buds.
What are the special senses
Smell, taste, sight, hearing and equilibrium
Basic Taste Sensations
sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami.
Taste
Gustation
What holds taste buds?
papillae (fungiform and circumvallate)
located on tongue, soft palate (back of roof of mouth), pharynx, epiglottis
Gustatory cells
sensory
Supporting cells
help nourish gustatory cells
Basal cells
undifferentiated stem cells
able to become gustatory or supporting cells
Receptors of gustatory cells
Gustatory hairs (emerge from taste pore)
Gustation steps (1)
Chemical dissolves in saliva (in solution)
Gustation steps (2)
Binds to gustatory hairs (receptor)
Olfactory Receptors Structure
Olfactory receptors are specialized neurons located in the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity.
Accessory Eye Structures
Accessory eye structures include the eyelids, eyelashes, lacrimal apparatus, and extrinsic eye muscles.
Eyeball Tunics
The eyeball consists of three tunics: the fibrous tunic (sclera and cornea), the vascular tunic (choroid, ciliary body, and iris), and the inner tunic (retina).
Retina Composition
The retina comprises photoreceptor cells (rods and cones), bipolar cells, and ganglion cells, enabling light sensing.
Properties of Light in Vision
Properties of light related to vision include wavelength, which determines color, and intensity, which affects brightness.
Photoreceptor Response Mechanism
Photoreceptors respond to light through a chemical process involving the conversion of light into electrical signals.
Structure of the Ear
The ear consists of the outer ear (pinna and auditory canal), middle ear (ossicles), and inner ear (cochlea and vestibular system).
Hearing Process
The process of hearing involves sound wave vibrations being converted to electrical signals by hair cells in the cochlea.
Equilibrium Process
The process of equilibrium involves the vestibular system detecting changes in head position and motion, allowing balance.