AP Gov final

montesquies views

sepera

Hobbes views

Government needed to maintain order: social contract

McCulloh vs Maryland

decision that the bank was constitutional because of the necessary and proper clause, even with it not explicitly stated that a bank was within powers, confirmed supremecy of federal law over state law

United states vs Lopez

Ruled that carrying a gun in a school zone is not economic activity under commerce clause

Brown vs Board of Education

Declared racial segregation in public schools illegal, under equal protection clause

Marbury Vs madison

Established principle of judicial review under article 3 of the constitution

Baker vs carr

Redistricting is jurisdictable, under equal protections act

Tinker v Des moines

ruled that neither students nor teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate after an argument on whether green armbands to protest the vietnam war are allowed in schools, under first amendment

Schneck v US

Court rules that speech can be outlawed if clear+present danger is shown

NYT v United states

Ruled in favor of NYT, pentagon papers case, upheld first amendment right of press against prior restraint

Mc Donald v Chicago

Ruled that the law created that effectively banned handguns went against the second amendment (expanded ruling in heller to state government)

District of colombia vs heller

DC ban leads to heller suing and a decision that the ban violated the second amendment, only applied to the federal government

engel v vitale

school sponsered prayer ruled unconsititutional under the establishment clause

obergefell v hodges

Legalized same sex marriage across the united states under due process/equal protection clause

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

campaign finance laws:

gideon v wainright

court ruled that the 6th amendment requires states to provide attourneys to those who cannot afford their own

wisconsin v yoder

Ruled amish are not required to send children to school after 8th grade: free exercise clause

The declaration of independence

outlines the principles of natural rights and the social contract.

The Articles of Confederation

This document established a weak state government and highlighted the need for a stronger central

constitutution

The framework for the federal government, detailing the separation of powers and checks and balances.

Federalist No. 10

argues that a large republic can control factions and protect minority rights

Brutus No. 1

An Anti-Federalist paper that argues against the Constitution, warning of the dangers of a large republic.

Federalist No. 51

Discusses the importance of checks and balances in preventing tyranny.

Federalist No. 70

Advocates for a strong, single executive for effective governance.

Federalist No. 78

Addresses the power of judicial review and the independence of the judiciary.

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

Written by Martin Luther King Jr., it discusses civil disobedience and justice.

1

Freedom of press, assembly, speech, religion and petition

2

Right to keep and bear arms

3

No quartering during peacetime

4

No unreasonable search/seizure w/o probable cause

5

Legal protections: right to jury, double jepordy, due process and self incrimination

6

criminal defendants: right to a speedy and public trial, an impartial jury, legal counsel, and the ability to obtain witnesses in their defense.

7

Right to jury in civil cases

8

Charged individuals: No excessive bail, fines, or punishments

9

Right not listed given to people

10

Rest of power to states

13

Abolsihed slavery

14

Citizenship and = rights to all those born or naturalied in the USA

15

prohibits denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or pre

17

established the direct election of U.S. senators by the people

18

Prohibition of alcohol

19

granted American women the right to vote, prohibiting voter discrimination based on sex.

20

shortened “lame duck” period

21

repealed 18th(prohibition)

22

Two elected terms 4 US pres.

23

Washington D.C residents can vote

24

Prohibits poll taxes

25

Presidential succession

26

voting age to 18

27

14 amendment

15 amendment

17 amendment

19 amendment

24 amendment

Prohibits poll taxes

26 amendment

Lowered voting age to 18

voting rights act of 1965

Fiscal policy

Government spending used to influence a nations economy

Keynesian economics

Emphasizes the role of total spending in driving economic growth-liberal

Supply side economics

emphasizing that lower taxes, deregulation, and free-market policies stimulate economic growth by increasing the supply of goods and services-conservative

laissez economics

advocating for minimal or no government intervention in the market-libertarian

Discount rate

interest rate the Federal Reserve charges commercial banks for short-term loans

Means tested

benefits for low income individuals or households

millennial beliefs

more liberal on social issues and in general

political socialization

Political socialization is a lifelong process that shapes individuals' political values It begins in early childhood and continues throughout an individual's life, with the most influential period generally being adolescence and early adulthood the political outlook shaped in early life continues to influence

push poll

under the guise of a normal poll, used to push beliefs

Silent generational beleifs

strong work ethic, catious, no real social movements, more conservative

stratified sampling

dividing a population into subgroups based on specific characteristics and then randomly sampling from each subgroup

us political culture

shared beliefs in liberty, individualism, equality of opportunity, and civic responsibility

free enterprise

gov should take laissez feire approach with commerce (let it be)

Representitive sample

meant to represent a large group

1 amendment

freedom of:speech,religion,press,petition+assembly

2 amendment

Right to bear arms+state militia

3 amendment

No troops in homes

4 amendment

protects against unreasonable search/warrants

5 amendment

protects five key rights: grand jury indictment, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, due process, and just compensation for takings.

6 amendment

Right to be informed of charges, right to speedy trial, right to court provided attourney,

7 amendment

Jury trial for civil cases

8 amendment

no excess bail/fines or cruel or unusual punishment

9 amendment

specific rights are not the only rights people have

10 amendment

Powers not given to national government are given to states

Eminent domain- 5th amendment

right of government to take private property for public use with compensation

slander

verbal untruth

libel

written untruth

Establishment clause

congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion

Free exercise clause

congress shall make no law prohibiting free exercise of religion

Incorporation doctorine

due process clause of 14 th amendment interpreted to require states to use bill of rights

Procedural due process

law being applied fairly to everyone, method of law is fair

substantive due process

rights of individials gov. can’t intrude, law itself is fair

exclusionary rule

evidence siezed illegally cannot be used in court (few exceptions)

incorporation

applying bill of rights to states

24th amendment

banned poll taxes

equal protections clause

provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that prohibits states from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

affirmative action

preferential admissions for historically disadvantaged groups

Title IX

ended discrimination based on sex in any publically funded activities

voting rights act 1965

Prohibited racial discrimination in voting