Assessment and Management of Clients with Endocrine Disorders

Practice flashcards covering the assessment, diagnostic tests, and management of various endocrine disorders, particularly focusing on the pituitary and adrenal glands.

The messengers in the nervous system are electrical impulses, whereas the chemical messengers in the endocrine system are __________.

hormones

The __________ serves as the link between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

hypothalamus

Disorders of the adrenal cortex like Cushing's syndrome may present with a physical manifestation known as __________, which is a fat pad on the upper back.

buffalo hump

The kidneys produce __________, a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.

erythropoietin

When hormone concentration in the bloodstream rises, further production of that hormone is inhibited through a mechanism called __________ __________.

negative feedback

Hormones are classified into three categories: steroid hormones, amine hormones, and __________ or protein hormones.

peptide

The eye change known as __________, or bulging eyes, may occur with hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease.

exophthalmos

Urinary levels of free __________ (norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine) are measured when suspecting pheochromocytoma.

catecholamines

The __________ test determines how an endocrine gland responds to the administration of stimulating hormones normally released by the hypothalamus or pituitary.

stimulation

The pituitary gland, also known as the __________, is a pea-sized structure about $1.27\,cm$ in diameter.

hypophysis

The posterior pituitary stores oxytocin and __________, which controls the excretion of water by the kidney.

vasopressin

Over-secretion of growth hormone in adults results in __________, which causes bone and soft tissue deformities without increasing height.

acromegaly

Insufficiency of all anterior pituitary hormones is a condition known as __________.

panhypopituitarism

The most common disorder related to posterior pituitary dysfunction is __________ __________, characterized by large volumes of dilute urine.

diabetes insipidus

__________ tumors represent $90\%$ of pituitary tumors and usually produce no hormones while destroying the rest of the pituitary gland.

Chromophobe

__________ tumors of the pituitary can lead to Cushing's syndrome with features like masculinization and hypertension.

Basophilic

The usual surgical approach for removing a pituitary tumor is the __________ approach.

transsphenoidal

The medication __________, a synthetic analog of growth hormone, may be used to shrink a tumor before surgery.

Octreotide

__________ is the surgical removal of the pituitary gland and is the treatment of choice for Cushing's syndrome caused by ACTH-producing tumors.

Hypophysectomy

In Addison's disease, patients often experience adrenal insufficiency and high levels of __________.

potassium