Allied Health Notes for Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation

The flashcards cover key medical terms and definitions related to cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation, as well as general concepts in managing patients with various conditions.

Mane

Refers to morning; often associated with the early part of the day.

Nocte

Refers to night; associated with the later part of the day after sunset.

BD

An abbreviation for 'bis in die,' meaning to take medication twice a day.

TDS

An abbreviation for 'ter die sumendum,' indicating medication taken three times a day.

QID

An abbreviation for 'quater in die,' denoting medication needed four times a day.

PRN

An abbreviation for 'pro re nata,' meaning medication is taken as needed, rather than on a schedule.

PO

An abbreviation for 'per oral,' indicating that medication should be administered by mouth.

NG

An abbreviation for nasogastric, which refers to a tube inserted through the nose into the stomach for feeding or medication.

IV

An abbreviation for intravenous, which is a method of delivering medications directly into the bloodstream.

PR

An abbreviation for 'per rectal,' which means medication is administered through the rectum.

PV

An abbreviation for 'per vaginal,' indicating that medication is delivered via the vaginal route.

Top

Refers to topical medications applied directly on the skin or mucous membranes.

Oxycodone SR

A medication that is a strong opioid analgesic, potentially causing side effects like nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, headache, and orthostatic hypotension; used for managing pain.

Nicotine Patch

A transdermal patch used to deliver nicotine to assist individuals in quitting smoking by reducing withdrawal symptoms.

Augmentin Duo

A combination antibiotic comprising amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, used orally to treat various bacterial infections.

Enoxaparin

An anticoagulant medication that lowers the risk of thromboembolic events; requires caution when moving patients due to potential bleeding risk.

Pregabalin

A medication primarily used for managing neuropathic pain and certain types of seizure disorders.

Metoclopramide

A medication used to treat severe nausea and vomiting; important to consider the proximity to a bathroom for patients receiving this treatment.

Amiodarone

An antiarrhythmic medication prescribed for severe heart rhythm problems; requires monitoring due to its side effects.

Tiotropium (Spireva)

A long-acting bronchodilator used to manage and maintain treatment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Mirtazapine

An antidepressant medication that may alter mood; requires monitoring to ensure patient compliance.

Metoprolol

A beta-blocker used for managing hypertension and heart conditions, but can blunt the heart rate response.

Frusemide

A loop diuretic medication that promotes the excretion of water and electrolytes, used in fluid management.

CVD (Cardiovascular Disease)

An umbrella term for various disorders of the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and aortic atherosclerosis.

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

Refers to a range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart, including unstable angina, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

AMI (Acute Myocardial Infarction)

Commonly known as a heart attack, it refers to the death of heart muscle due to a lack of oxygen, often caused by a blockage in a coronary artery.

Chronic Heart Failure

A progressive and debilitating condition where the heart cannot pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs; currently has no cure.

Stable Angina

A condition characterized by predictable episodes of chest pain or discomfort that typically occur during exertion and are relieved by rest.

Unstable Angina

A more serious condition characterized by sudden, unpredictable chest pain that can occur even at rest; indicates increased risk of heart attack.

Cardiac Rehabilitation

A medically supervised program designed to improve the health and well-being of individuals who have heart problems, typically involving exercise training and education.

Heart Failure

A complex syndrome that results in the heart's inability to pump blood effectively, leading to symptoms like difficulty breathing (dyspnea) and fatigue.

Primary Prevention

Strategies aimed at preventing the initial occurrence of cardiovascular disease, focusing on risk factor modification before any symptoms arise.

Secondary Prevention

Measures taken to prevent the recurrence or progression of established cardiovascular disease, targeting individuals with known risks.

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

A comprehensive approach to treat and manage both cardiac and pulmonary conditions, enhancing the overall health of affected individuals.

Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT)

A practical test used to measure a person's functional exercise capacity by assessing the distance they can walk in six minutes.

Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT)

A structured walking test that progressively increases in pace to assess an individual's cardiovascular fitness.

PEEP (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure)

A mechanical ventilation setting that maintains pressure in the airways at the end of exhalation to improve oxygenation and prevent collapse of alveoli.

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)

The net pressure gradient driving blood flow to the brain, calculated as cerebral perfusion pressure = mean arterial pressure (MAP) minus intracranial pressure (ICP).

Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

The pressure within the skull that can reflect the health of brain tissues; elevated ICP can indicate serious medical conditions.

GCS Score

Glasgow Coma Scale, a scoring system used to assess a patient's level of consciousness based on eye, verbal, and motor responses.

ICU (Intensive Care Unit)

A specialized department within a hospital designed to provide comprehensive and continuous care for critically ill patients.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

A rare neurological disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system, leading to weakness and sensory abnormalities.

Myasthenia Gravis

An autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles, caused by antibodies attacking acetylcholine receptors.

Critical Illness Myopathy

A condition seen in critically ill patients, leading to muscle weakness and dysfunction, often related to prolonged stays in intensive care.