Unit 6 History Test - Mrs. Murphy B Period - Alden McDonald

What were the key driving factors for Westward expansion?

People were motivated by the desire for land ownership, economic opportunity (gold rush, farming), and religious freedom

When was Westward expansion

1869-1900

What were three events that sprouted Westward expansion?

1803 Louisiana Purchase; doubled the U.S., 1862 Homestead Act; 160 acres of free land, 1869 Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad

What was the impact on Native Americans?

The Indigenous populations were forcefully pushed out of their land and onto reservations. Their traditional way of life was destroyed, and they were heavily suppressed.

What route did pioneers use to move west?

The Oregon Trail

Why do people call it the Wild West?

It was separated from civilization, and there was nothing out there, so people created the idea that it was the wild west

What was the outcome of the U.S. government's trying to come up with a workable policy for indigenous people?

They failed to find a workable policy with the indigenous nations

Why could the indigenous people not keep the peace between them and the U.S.?

They were betrayed every time because the U.S. kept breaking its treaties

Why did indigenous tribes turn to violence and warfare?

They needed to use violence becuase the U.S. kept breaking their treaties and they needed to regain their lands

When was the Battle of Greasy Grass?

1874

What was the Battle of Greasy Grass?

There was a gold discovery in the Black Hills and everyone wanted it

What 2 Indigenous leaders led resistence at the Battle of Greasy Grass?

Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse

How many U.S. soldiers died at Little Bighorn or Battle of Greasy Grass?

264 soldiers not including Custer

When was the Massacre at Wounded Knee?

1890

Why did the U.S. attack the Lakota men at Wounded Knee?

They feared an uprising because of the old life Ghost Dance

How many Lakota Men were killed at Wounded Knee?

300 men, women, and children

When was the closing of the Frontier?

1890

Why did the government "close" the frontier?

There was rapid westward expansion and the whole region was populated, so they ended all federal programs promoting further movement into the frontier

When was the Industrial Revolution?

1865-1900

Why did the nation double in population between 1870 and 1900?

It doubled from 40 to 76 million because of immigration

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Europe and mostly England

What invention sparked clothing production?

The spinning jenny boosted output and made mass production

What evolutionized efficiency in standarized goods?

Interchangeable parts

Who created the idea of steam power?

James Watt

What were new ideas of transportation and mass production during this time that relied on steam.

Factories that ran on steam, steamboats, and railroads

What did the creation of steel from iron bring to the table?

It made mass production of machinery, firearms, clothing, and food processing

What were new ideas that popped up in these modern cities?

skyscrapers, elevators, trolleys, suburbs, bridges, electric lighting and power

Why did consumer goods boost?

These products boosted from mass production and making it more accessible for families to buy food, catalogs, and even stuff from department stores

What were some of Thomas Edison's key inventions?

Telegraph, phonograph, incandescent light bulb, waxed paper, basic system for motion pictures

What happened in 1890 to the scale between Manufactured and Agricultural goods?

Manufactured goods had more value than Agricultural goods or products

What was the Gilded Age?

The Gilded Age was when titans of industry started playing dirty to get more wealth and along the way accumulating more and more stuff

Who were three main titans of the Gilded Age and what were they famous for?

The first were the Vanderbilt's who were famous for railroads, the next were the Carnegie's and they were famous for steel, and lastly the Rockefeller's were famous for oil.

What were the sociatal and comfort changes like?

American society became more convenient and comfortable for the wealthy

What happened for labor workers?

Labor workers went on strike because the more wealthier wealthy people got the poorer they got

What were groups on strikes called?

Unions

Why did people form Unions that went on strike?

They formed Unions so people would actually make change and so everyone who works there would benefit

During this time what was happening to farms and farmers?

Farms had mass production which forced commodities prices plummet and farmers were trying to improve their conditions

What was the Populist Party?

This party wanted the government's actions to help economy and wanted a Populist in the White House

When was the Populist Party formed?

1891

Why did the Democratic Party take the Populist ideas?

They saw the ideas gaining traction and used it to win the presidency

Who spoke about silver coinage at the Election of 1896?

William Jennings Bryan

What was the Cross of Gold speech about?

It was Bryan advocating for silver coinage over the popular gold standard

How does this time connect to the Wizard of Oz?

It shows the Populist fight for silver with the Wizard being people who wanted gold

When was the Progressive Era?

1900-1920

What percent of americans controlled the wealth of another percent?

1% of workers supported 70% of the nations wealth

What was Muckraking Journalism?

It exposed poverty, showed how you can help, and was known as the progressive movement

What was the 18th Amendment?

Prohibition of Alcohol; people believed alcohol encouraged laziness, irresponsibility, and violence

When was the 18th amendment ratified?

1919

When was the 18th amendment repealed?

1933

When was the 19th amendment ratified?

1920

What was the 19th Amendment?

It granted women the right to vote except for colored women because of the Jim Crow laws

Who was W.E.B Du Bois?

He led a movement for equality and voting rights

When was the NAACP formed?

1909

Who was Ida B. Wells-Barnett?

She was an author and lecturer who spoke about her experience during the Jim Crow laws and particularly lynchings

What were lynchings?

Racial hate crime that mostly end in death of the victim

What was progress for children during this time?

Most states required schooling for at least six years

Who was John Dewey?

He believed that you could emphasize learning through active participation and real life experiences

Who was Maria Montessori?

She proposed children learned more with toys and fun activities

What technology brought an end to the Pony Express in 1862?

Transcontinental telegraph

What 2 cities did the Pony Express mail service operate between?

San Francisco, CA, and St. Joseph, MO

What was the cotton gin?

A new machine that would separate the cotton fibers from their seeds