C13-15 US History Final Exam - Evan

C13-15

In the late 1800s, industrial workers…

faced low wages & long hours in unsafe working conditions.

sweatshop

a small, hot, dirty warehouse.

monopoly

complete control of a product or service.

entrepreneur

a person who invests money in a business venture to make a profit.

mass production

a system for turning out large numbers of products quickly and inexpensively.

corporation

a business in which ownership is shared.

cash crop

a crop grown not for its own use but to be sold.

assimilate

to absorb into the culture of a population or group.

vigilante

a self-appointed enforcer of the law.

reservation

a specific area set aside by the u.s. government for the use of Indians.

transcontinental railroad

a rail link between the East & the West.

How did southern blacks lose rights in the years after the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments?

some white southerners used state legislation, segregation, and violence to limit the freedoms of blacks.

What was a central goal of Henry Grady’s idea for a New South?

to develop industry.

leader of the American Railway Union and cofounder of the Industrial Workers of the World

Eugene V. Debs

Which of the following revoked southern blacks’ civil rights?

local & state laws

At [______], immigrants from China were processed

Angel Island

powerful 19th-century American industrialists and financiers who amassed enormous fortunes through ruthless, unethical, and monopolistic business practices.

robber barons

Homestead Act

legislation that provided farm plots for people willing to live on and develop the land.

Little Big Horn

the sight of victory by Indians led by Crazy Horse over 250 US soldiers led by General George Cluster.

open range

a system by which branded cattle were allowed to graze freely on unfenced property.

Wounded Knee

the site where over 100 fleeing Indians were killed by US troops.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

legislation that gave black citizens the right to ride trains and use other public facilities.

What helped fuel economic growth by encouraging people to buy American goods?

protective tariffs

During Reconstruction, southern agriculture…

focused on cotton and tobacco.

Urban leaders counted on schools to…

americanize new immigrants.

Which immigrant would have been least likely to encounter prejudice?

a protestant.

What was an effect of the Transcontinental Railroad?

the population of the West increased.

The federal government formed the Interstate Commerce Commission to…

regulate railroad operations across the nation.

Which development made the building and use of skyscrapers feasible?

elevators

Starting in the mid 1800s, hoards of people traveled West out of a desire to…

strike it rich finding gold or silver.

What best describes Native Americans’ situation at the end of the Indian wars?

they were forced to move west or north or to live on reservations.

Which of the following led to the execution of four anarchists and the decline of the Knights of Labor?

Haymarket Riot of 1886

Why was the Farmers Alliance formed in the 1870s?

to negotiate lower prices for supplies.

Travel accommodations for most immigrants to the United States were…

dirty, crowded, and unhealthy.

The [______] outlawed any trust that operated “in restraint of trade.”

Sherman Anti-trust Act

How did John Wanamaker attract customers to his department store?

he placed large advertisements in newspapers.

What replaced reservation system with a land portioning system?

Dawes General Allotment Act

What describes the lives of typical western homesteaders in the late 1800s?

difficult & lonely.

Steel changed people’s lives by making possible the [______]

construction of skyscrapers.

skyscraper

10-story or higher buildings with steel frames.

“melting pot”

blended nationalities that create a single culture.

mass transit

system for moving large numbers of people.

urbanizaiton

rapid growth of cities.

mass culture

similar consumer patterns across society.

Thomas Edison

the inventor who wanted to develop affordable lighting for homes.

Homestead Strike

the response to wage cuts at a Carnegie Steel plant in 1892.

Andrew Carnegie

a steel tycoon who used vertical integration to increase profits.

Knights of Labor

a union open to workers from any trade.

John D. Rockefeller

oil tycoon who used horizontal integration to decrease costs & increase profits.

Traditionally, immigrants had come to America for economic opportunity and [______]

religious freedom.

[______] suggested that those who had great wealth were entitled to it

Social Darwinism

How did new railroads benefit western cattle ranchers?

it provided a way to transport meat to eastern markets.

A cartel differs from a monopoly in that…

businesses making the same product agree to limit production.

African Americans who farmed and founded all-black towns in Kansas and Oklahoma.

Exodusters

Person who moved from an agricultural area to an urban area.

rural-to-urban migration.

Wide stretches of land along railroad tracks offered to potential railroad builders.

land grant

What was one result of the Haymarket Riot?

membership in the Knights of Labor declined.

A corporation that gains complete control of a product or service is a [______]

monopoly

Rural-to-urban migration was primarily motivated by

steady employment

Wrote inspiring novels about success in America.

Horatio Alger

Sensationalist publisher.

William Randolph Hearst

Ellis Island

important immigration processing station.

Label for the last decades of the 19th century.

Gilded Age

Inventor of the elevator.

Elisha Otis

Cartels, monopolies, trusts, and horizontal & vertical integration all share goals of…

increasing profits.

Most new immigrants lived in cities because they…

wanted to be close to industrial jobs.

Horizontal integration differs from vertical integration in that it…

consolidates firms involved in the same business into one giant company.

What limited membership to skilled craftspeople and focused on economic reforms?

American Federation of Labor

The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments…

offered blacks new rights and opportunities.

Who was the leader of the American Federation of Labor?

Samuel Gombers