Colonies to Nations (1945 - present)

Global Studies II

Congress Party

Group consisting mostly of Hindus that led a campaign for India's independence

Muslim League

Muslim group that led a campaign for India's independence

Muhammed Ali Jinnah

Leader of Muslim league, who didn't want Hindu dominated Congress Party

Partition

Division of India into two nations

Jawaharlal Nehru

First prime minister of India (Hindu) after independence from Great Britain

Indira Gandhi

Daughter of Nehru who followed him as prime minister

Benazir Bhutto

Former prime minister of Pakistan assassinated in 2007

Ferdinand Marcos

Leader of the Philippines who was elected but ruled as a dictator

Corazón Aquino

Woman who defeated Marcos in the elections of 1986

Aung San Suu Kyi

Daughter of Aung San; winner of Nobel Prize for her fight for democracy in Burma

Sukarno

Leader of Indonesian independence movement; first president of Indonesia

Suharto

Leader who turned Indonesia into a police state. An Indonesian general who fought against an attempted coup d'état and then led an authoritarian regime

Negritude movement

African movement after World War II to celebrate African culture, heritage, and values

Kwame Nkrumah

Leader in the Gold Coast independence movement

Jomo Kenyatta

Nationalist who helped lead Kenya to independence, Kenya's first president

Mobutu Sese Seko

Ruler who took control of the Congo in 1965 and renamed it Zaire

Ahmed Ben Bella

Leader of the FLN who became the first president and prime minister of Algeria

Anwar Sadat

Egyptian leader who signed a peace agreement with Israel

Golda Meir

Israeli prime minister at the time of the 1973 Arab-Israeli war (Milwaukee, WI native)

PLO

Palestinian Liberation Organization, a political movement uniting Palestinian Arabs in an effort to create an independent state of Palestine

Yasir Arafat

Leader of the PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization)

Camp David Accords

Agreement in which Egypt recognized Israel as a nation and Israel gave the Sinai peninsula back to Egypt

Intifada

Sustained rebellion by the Palestinians

Oslo Peace Accords

Agreement aimed at giving Palestinians self-rule, President Clinton got Egyptian leader Arafat to sign a peace agreement with Israel Rabin.

Transcaucasian Republics

The nations of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia

Central Asian Republics

The nations of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan

mujahideen

A group that fought against the Soviet-supported government in Afghanistan

Taliban

A conservative Islamic group that controlled most of Afghanistan from 1998 to 2001

Menachem Begin

Israeli Prime Minister who signed the Camp David Accords in 1979

Mau Mau

Revolutionary group in Kenya who used violent means to force out European settlers.

Kashmir

A region of northern India and Pakistan over which several destructive wars have been fought

Singapore (city-state)

Wealthy city state in south-east Asia. Once a British colonial trading post, today it is a thriving global financial hub and described as one of Asia's economic "tigers".

Suez Crisis

July 26, 1956, Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal, Oct. 29, British, French and Israeli forces attacked Egypt. UN forced British to withdraw; made it clear Britain was no longer a world power

Creation of Israel (1948)

the UN created two states, one Arab (Palestine)and the other Jewish (Israel)