(1)Lecture #23 - Sexually Transmitted Disease

STI vs. STD difference

• STI = infection, STD = disease (same thing)

• Occur in ALL populations

• Highest risk:

  • Unprotected sex

  • Non-monogamous sex

What are the 3 main problems with talk about?

1. Bacterial STD

2. Viral STI

3. Parasitic

What are the bacterial STD - overview

1. Gonorrhea

2. Syphilis

3. Chlamydia

4. LGV

5.  Chancroid

6.  Bacterial Vaginosis

What are the viral STI - overview

1. Herpes (HSV-1, HSV-2)

2.  HPV

What are the parasitic - overview

1. Scabies

2.  Crabs

BACTERIAL STDs

Gonorrhea: key symptoms/ signature

• Males → painful urination + foul discharge

• Females → often asymptomatic

BACTERIAL STDs

Gonorrhea: site

• Female → cervix

• Male → urethra

BACTERIAL STDs

Gonorrhea: Complications:

• PID

• Sterility

BACTERIAL STDs

Syphilis: Signature

STAGES + systemic disease

• Cannot grow in lab

BACTERIAL STDs

Syphilis: Stages

1. Primary → painless chancre

2. Secondary → fever + rash

3. Latent → no symptoms

4. Tertiary → organ damage

BACTERIAL STDs

Chlamydia: Signature/ symptoms

• Obligate intracellular

• Males → mild burning, discharge

• Females → infertility (MOST COMMON) + cervical inflammation

BACTERIAL STDs

Chlamydia: Newborn:

• Pink eye

• Pneumonia

BACTERIAL STDs

LGV: Signature

lymphatic spread

BACTERIAL STDs

LGV: Incubation

 5–21 days

BACTERIAL STDs

LGV: Causes

• Swollen lymph nodes

• Draining ulcers

BACTERIAL STDs

 Chancroid: Signature

 Signature: painful soft ulcers

• Rare (tropical)

BACTERIAL STDs

Bacterial Vaginosis: Signature

pH imbalance

• ↑ vaginal pH

• Gray discharge

• NOT always STI

VIRAL STDs

Herpes: Signature

LATENT IN NERVES

• Spread only when shedding

VIRAL STDs

Herpes: Mechanism:

• Infection → nerves → latent → reactivation

VIRAL STDs

Herpes: Symptoms

• Vesicles → painful ulcers

VIRAL STDs

Herpes: Pattern:

• First = severe

• Later = mild

VIRAL STDs

HPV: Signature

CANCER

VIRAL STDs

HPV: Causes:

• Cervical dysplasia

• Cervical cancer

VIRAL STDs

HPV: Diagnosis:

Pap smear

VIRAL STDs

HPV:Prevention:

Vaccine (3 doses)

VIRAL STDs

HPV: Symptoms:

Genital warts

PARASITIC

Scabies

👉 Signature

 itching

PARASITIC

Scabies

👉 spread?

Close skin contact

PARASITIC

 Crabs - Signature:

bedding/clothing spread

PARASITIC

 Crabs - Spread:

• Sexual contact

• Clothes, linens

PARASITIC

 Crabs - causes

Causes itching

SYSTEMIC

• Hepatitis B

• CMV

• Epstein-Barr

• AIDS (not tested here)

Gram (-) bacteria →

•  2 membranes

• Affects antibiotic choice