Social industry revolutions

Classical Conservatism

A political ideology emphasizing tradition, social stability, and maintaining established institutions.

Classical Liberalism

A political ideology advocating for individual freedom, limited government, and free markets.

Industrial Revolution

A period of significant industrial growth that began in the late 18th century, leading to urbanization and socioeconomic changes.

Malthusian Theory

The argument that population growth will outpace agricultural production, leading to widespread famine and poverty.

David Ricardo

An economist known for the theory of comparative advantage, advocating for free trade and specialization.

Jeremy Bentham

A philosopher associated with utilitarianism, emphasizing decisions producing the greatest good for the greatest number.

Iron Law of Wages

The principle that wages will always tend toward the minimum level necessary for subsistence.

Corn Laws

Protectionist laws in 19th-century Britain that imposed tariffs on imported grain to protect domestic farmers.

Workhouses

Poorhouses established in Victorian England providing shelter and work for the poor, often with harsh conditions.

Robber Barons

Wealthy industrialists or financiers who used exploitative practices to amass wealth during the late 19th century.

Classical Liberal Thinkers

Philosophers and economists who laid the groundwork for liberal ideologies, including Malthus, Ricardo, and Bentham.

Euphemism

A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt.

Infant Mortality

The death of children under one year of age, a significant issue during the industrial era.

Subsistence Living

A lifestyle in which individuals or families live at a minimum level needed to survive.

Urbanization

The process by which more of a population becomes concentrated in urban areas, typically due to migration.

Individualism

A social theory prioritizing the individual over the collective, often associated with self-reliance and independence.

Underemployment

A situation where individuals are working in jobs that do not utilize their skills or provide adequate compensation.

Social Darwinism

A belief that emerged in the late 19th century that applied Darwin's theories of natural selection to human societies.

Poor Laws

Legislation in Britain aimed at providing assistance to the poor, often with punitive conditions.