EAP IPC8 Final exam review

vocabulary

Acceleration

the rate at which an object’s velocity changes over time.

Centripetal Acceleration

accelerates an object toward the center of a circular path.

Velocity

the speed of an object in a specific direction, a vector quantity.

Speed

the distance an object travels per unit of time, a scalar quantity.

Displacement

the straight-line distance and direction of an object’s change in position from the starting point.

Distance

the total length of the path traveled by an object.

Kinematics

the study of motion without considering forces that cause it.

Mechanics

the branch of physics that deals with the action of forces on bodies and with motion.

Inertia

the tendency of matter to resist changes in its motion

Gravity

the attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass.

Tension

pulling force that is transmitted through a rope or chain.

Torque

force that tends to cause an object to rotate around its axis.

Work

energy transferred by an external force when it acts on the system to move it.

Force

a push or pull of an object, vector quantity.

Friction

contact force, work against the motion and trying to stop the object.

Power

the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed.

Inclined Plane

a simple machine consisting of a flat, sloped surface.

Lever

a simple machine consisting of a rigid bar that pivots around a fixed point called a fulcrum.

Potential Energy

energy of condition or position.

Mechanical Energy

KE+PE

Kinetic Energy

energy of motion.

Renewable Energy

energy recourse can be replaced by natural methods.

Non-Renewable Energy

energy resource can not be replaced naturally.

Nuclear Energy

produced by nuclear reaction.

Fossil Fuels

energy resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas).

Hydroelectric Energy

electrical energy produced by the flow of water.

Biomass Energy

energy produced from burning organic materials, such as wood and food waste.

Tidal Energy

energy harnessed from the rise and fall of ocean tides.

Newton’s 1st Law (Law of Inertia)

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

Newton’s 2nd Law(Law of acceleration)

The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied ($F=ma$).

Newton’s 3rd Law(Law of Action-reaction)

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.