108 GACE Flashcards

auto

Greek stems that mean directed from within

automaticity

effortless word identification, or being able to look at words and read them aloud without thinking

flu

Latin stem that means flow

fluency

the ability to read smoothly, easily, and quickly with expression

pros

Greek stem meaning forward

prosody

the defining feature of expressive reading, which comprises all of the variables of timing, phrasing, emphasis, and intonation

Synonyms

Two words that have similar meanings  (small and tiny)

Antonyms

Two words that have opposite meanings (heavy and light)

Homographs

Words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and different pronunciations. (Ed played the bass while I fished for bass.

Bob was content with his life. The movie had inappropriate content.)

Homophones

Two words that sound the same but are spelled differently and have different meanings (ate (past tense of eat) and eight (the number)

*Hint: Phoneme= sound) 

Homonyms

Words that are pronounced and spelled the same but have different meanings. (You read your book while I book the hotel room.

Turn right at the next street. You made the right decision.)

Denotation

The dictionary definition of a word

Connotation

An implied meaning of a word based on emotions or associations, usually negative or positive.

Sentence structure

The way words are arranged in sentences can influence their meaning

Morphemes

The smallest units of meaning within a word can affect its overall meaning. Prefixes and suffixes, for example, can change a word's connotation.

Surrounding words and phrases

The words and phrases surrounding a particular word can provide clues to its meaning.

Overall context

The broader context of the text, such as the topic, genre, and author's purpose, can influence the interpretation of words.

Syntactic rules

provide the framework for understanding how words are used together in sentences.

Word structure

helps us break down words into their component parts to understand their meanings.

Contextual analysis

allows us to interpret the meaning of words based on the surrounding context and the overall message of the text.

Allusion

An indirect reference to a person, place, event, or work of art from history, literature, mythology, or even popular culture. It's like a wink to the audience, inviting them to recognize the reference and understand the additional layer of meaning it adds.

Flashback

Interrupts the chronological sequence of a narrative to present an event or series of events that occurred in the past. Flashbacks provide readers with additional background information, context, or character development, allowing them to gain a deeper understanding of the story.

Foreshadowing

When an author hints or suggests future events or developments in a story. It is used to create suspense, build anticipation, and provide subtle clues to the reader about what might happen later in the narrative. 

Soliloquy

A dramatic monologue or speech delivered by a character in a literary work, particularly a play or a novel, where the character expresses their thoughts, emotions, or inner conflicts aloud, usually when they are alone on stage or in a private setting.

Alliteration

The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.

Hyperbole

A figure of speech with an overstatement or exaggeration to emphasize a point.

Simile

A figure of speech comparing two, unlike things with the use of like or as.

Rhythm

A pattern of sound is created by the arrangement of accented or unaccented syllables to emphasize ideas and create mood.

Personification

Giving a human trait to something not human.

Rhyme

A similarity of sound at the end of two or more words.

Sensory Imagery

A word or group of words in a literary work that appeals to one of the five senses and intensifies meaning.

Repetition

Use of the same word or phrase for emphasis.

Metaphor

Makes a comparison without using “like” or “as”

Extended Metaphor

A comparison of two unlike things that continues through multiple lines, pages, or even the entire story/poem.

Idiom

A saying that has a different meaning than the literal words.

Irony

Opposite of what is expected.

Ethos

an appeal’s to the author’s ethics to establish credibility and trust with the audience.

Pathos

an appeal’s to the audience emotions

Logos

an appeal to logic and reasoning

Parallelism

Using similar grammatical structures for multiple sentences or phrases, parallelism creates rhythm and balance, making the text easier to understand and remember. It is often used for emphasis and persuasion.  

Antithesis

By juxtaposing contrasting ideas, antithesis creates a strong, memorable comparison that highlights differences. It can be used for emphasis, clarity, and persuasion

Shifts

Introducing a change in tone, perspective, or focus, shifts can create surprise, suspense, or a new direction for the argument. They can be used to signal a transition or to introduce a counterargument.

Narrative

tells a story about a real or imagined experience

Persuasive

convinces the readers to do something or think something

Expository

examines a topic and presents central ideas and details

Descriptive

used to describe something