apush period 6

management revolution

businesses become larger and more organized with managers controlling operations

vertical integration

one company controls all stages of production

horizontal integration

one company buys out competitors in same industry

predatory pricing

lowering prices to eliminate competition, then raising them

trusts

companies combine to reduce competition

The Gospel of Wealth

idea that the rich should give back to society

deskilling

breaking jobs into simple tasks, requiring less skill

scientific management

using time/efficiency studies to increase productivity

New South

Southern economy trying to industrialize after Civil War

Chinese Exclusion Act

banned Chinese immigration

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

first major national labor strike

Granger laws

state laws regulating railroad rates

Knights of Labor

inclusive union (skilled + unskilled workers)

Haymarket Square Incident

labor protest turned violent, hurt unions

Farmers' Alliance

farmers working together for economic reform

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

first federal agency regulating railroads

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

union for skilled workers, focused on wages

Populist Party

farmers' political party wanting gov't regulation + inflation

Social Darwinism

belief that success = natural superiority

eugenics

belief in improving humans through selective breeding

American Protective Association (APA)

anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic group

Social Gospel

religion + reform, help the poor

fundamentalism

strict adherence to religious beliefs

Plessy v. Ferguson

legalized segregation ("separate but equal")

Jim Crow

laws enforcing racial segregation

Antiquities Act

protected national parks/landmarks

Comstock Act

banned distribution of "immoral" materials

Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

promoted prohibition

National Association of Colored Women (NACW)

Black women's reform group

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

fought for women's voting rights

feminism

movement for women's equality

mutual benefit society

immigrants helping each other with support/services

tenement

overcrowded, poor urban housing

yellow journalism

exaggerated news to attract readers

muckrakers

journalists exposing corruption/problems

political machines

corrupt urban political organizations

progressivism

movement to fix social/economic problems through reform

settlement houses

community centers helping the poor

Hull House

famous settlement house in Chicago

Jane Addams

leader of settlement house movement

Pure Food and Drug Act

regulated food/drug safety

National Consumers' League (NCL)

pushed for worker protections

Women's Trade Union League (WTUL)

supported women workers

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

factory fire → workplace safety laws

Pendleton Act

civil service reform (ended spoils system)

Sherman Antitrust Act

outlawed monopolies (weak at first)

Williams v. Mississippi

allowed voting restrictions (hurt Black voters)

Lochner v. New York

limited government regulation of work hours

Square Deal

Roosevelt's program: fairness for workers, consumers, businesses

Hepburn Act

strengthened railroad regulation

Standard Oil decision

broke up monopoly

National Child Labor Committee

worked to end child labor

Muller v. Oregon

allowed limits on women's work hours

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

radical union for all workers

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

civil rights organization

New Nationalism

Roosevelt's plan for strong federal regulation

Federal Reserve Act

created central banking system

Clayton Antitrust Act

strengthened antitrust laws