RED 3211 Midterm: Oral Language Development and Methods of Reading Aloud

5 Components of Language

phonology

morphology

syntax

semantics

pragmatics

Phonology

sound system of language

Morphology

meaning of word parts (morphemes)

Syntax

grammar and structure

Semantics

how a word can change in context

Pragmatics

social aspect of language (gestures)

Oral language is important because…

it’s the foundation for reading and can facilitate it. allow children to understand and communicate meaning, which directly drives reading comprehension and foundational, decoding-based reading skills

Decontextualized Language

ability to think outside the current context

Academic Language

language proficiency/precise language used in schools, textbooks, and academic disciplines to communicate, analyze, and evaluate complex information

Academic Language Components

vocabulary

grammatical structures

language function

context

Language Gap

communication barriers caused by differing languages, dialects, or proficiency levels, often creating misunderstandings

Language Gap Impact

Hart and Risley conducted a longitudinal study of children and families from 3 groups:

• professional families (45 million)

• working-class families (26 million)

• families on welfare (13 million)

*discovered a HUGE difference in language interactions between families

Effective Oral Language Interactions (as a classroom practice)

increased exposure to and interaction with increasingly complex and rich oral language

interactive read-alouds

discussions

teacher modeling

Shared Reading

researched-based activity where teachers and students read a book aloud together, which builds fluency (use predictable books)I

Interactive Reading

introduce book and relate to prior experiences

preview book and plan questions

use narrative text and informational books

Dialogic Reading

PEER: prompt, evaluate, expand, repeat

increase engagement and provide prompts as opportunities for child to participate (less about the book, more about oral interaction)

Concepts of Print

how does print convey meaning (functions of print)

CROWD Strategy

• C - Completion: fill-in-the-blank questions about the structure of language. predicting what word comes next

• R - Recall: questions directly from the story. focuses on retelling and sequencing events

• O - Open-Ended: questions that encourage explanation or responses in students’ own words. require extended use of language

• W - Wh-: who, what, where, when, why questions. focuses on story elements

• D - Distancing: questions that connect to real-life and students’ own experiences. activate and build background knowledge