Renal System Overview Diagram | Quizlet

Species Differentiation

Classification based on kidney shape and texture.

Bean-shaped Kidney

found in carnivores, small ruminants, pigs, horses left kidney

Heart-shaped Kidney

found in horses right kidney

Lobated Kidney

found in cattle

Fibrous Capsule*

Thin tissue covering the kidney's external surface.

TERM

Renal Hilus*

DEFINITION

Indented kidney border for vessel and ureter entry.

Renal Sinus*

hollow space in the kidney that holds blood vessels, fat, and the start of the ureter

TERM

Ureter*

DEFINITION

Muscular tube transporting urine to the bladder.

TERM

Renal Artery*

DEFINITION

Supplies oxygenated blood to the kidney.

TERM

Renal Vein*

DEFINITION

Carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidney.

TERM

Adrenal Gland*

DEFINITION

Endocrine gland above each kidney, secretes hormones.

Nephron

Microscopic unit of kidney responsible for urine production.

Renal Corpuscle/Bowmans Capsule

Structure in nephron where filtration occurs.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

First nephron segment for nutrient reabsorption.

Loop of Henle

Nephron segment involved in urine concentration.

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Final nephron segment for electrolyte balance.

Urinary Bladder*

Hollow organ storing urine before excretion.

Trigone of Urinary Bladder

Triangle area within bladder, marks ureter openings.

Urethra

Tube transporting urine from bladder to outside.

Detrusor Muscle

Muscle layer of the urinary bladder wall.

Neck of Urinary Bladder

Region where bladder connects to urethra.

TERM

Kidneys

DEFINITION

Primary organs of the renal system

Retroperitoneal Cavity

Space behind the peritoneum housing the kidneys.

What collects urine in the kidney?

Calyx

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

To filter the blood

What is the thin fibrous tissue that covers the external surface of the kidney?

Fibrous capsule

What is the primary site of blood filtration in the kidney?

Glomerulus

What cavity are the kidneys located in?

Retroperitoneal cavity, between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae

What is the name for the fat which covers the kidneys?

Perirenal (or perinephric) fat

What moves urine from the kidney to the bladder?

Ureter

What is the renal hilus?

Indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the ureter, renal artery, and renal vein enter or exit

TERM

Renal cortex*

DEFINITION

Outer layer of the kidney containing glomeruli and convoluted tubules

TERM

Renal medulla*

DEFINITION

Inner layer of the kidney containing loops of Henle and collecting ducts

Which of the following is NOT a function of the renal system?

Absorb dietary fats

What is the job of the ureter?

To transport urine from the kidney to the bladder

What is the primary job of the renal system?

Blood filtration and waste elimination

Does the renal cortex contain glomeruli and convoluted tubules?

Yes

Is urine produced at the renal hilus?

No

Is the renal medulla lighter than the cortex?

No

Is perirenal fat important for cushioning and stabilizing the kidneys?

Yes

Name three major functions of the renal system.

Filtration of waste, blood pressure/volume regulation, electrolyte and pH balance

What is the role of the ureter in the urinary system?

It uses peristalsis to carry urine to the bladder

What structures enter or exit the kidney at the renal hilus?

Renal artery, renal vein, ureter

What's the difference between the renal cortex and medulla?

Cortex has glomeruli/tubules; medulla has loops of Henle/collecting ducts

TERM

Renal pelvis

DEFINITION

Collects urine and sends it to the ureter.