Chem - Gases

Temperature is in…

Kelvin (degrees C +273)

absolute zero

when kelvin temperature = 0

Avogadro’s hypothesis

equal volume of gases sat the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of particles at STP

Pressure

Total force exerted by the moving particles of a gas as they collide with the walls of container, P=force/unit area

pressure gauge

measures the difference between the pressure inside and out a tire in PSI units

boiling point

vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to outside pressure

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of partial pressures of the component gas P_T= P₁+….

Dalton’s Law behave like Ideal gases when…

low pressure, high temperature; particle are far away from each other

barometer

measures atmospheric pressure

manometer

measures closed container pressure

Graham’s Law of Diffusion and Effusion

the rates of effusion for two gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molar masses at the same temperature and pressure; rate A / rate B = √molar mass B/molar mass A

diffusion

a process by which particle disperse from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration

effusion

the motion of a gas through an opening into an evacuated chamber

Boyle’s Law

or a given mass of a gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies inversely with pressure; V₁P₁=V₂P₂

Charles’ Law

for a given mass of gas volume of a gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature, if pressure is kept constant; V₁/T₁=V₂/T₂