A&P Resp + Circ Test Review

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Filter air and allow gas exchange (O2 in CO2 out)

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

Alveoli

Name the two main divisions of the respiratory system.

Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract

List three structures that are part of the upper respiratory tract.

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, paranasal sinuses

What are the external nares also called?

nostrils

What are the main functions of the nasal cavity?

Warms humidifies and cleans air

What is the role of the olfactory plate?

Responsible for smell (contains chemoreceptors)

How do paranasal sinuses affect the skull and voice?

Reduce the weight of the skull and affect voice resonence

What dual function does the pharynx serve?

Carries air and food(respiratory and digestive systems)

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Covers the trachea during swallowing

What is the glottis?

Opening to the trachea

What are the true vocal cords responsible for?

Produce sound

How is pitch controlled? How is loudness controlled?

Pitch = tension, loudness = amount of air forced over the chords

What is another name for the trachea?

windpipe

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

Psuedostratified epithelium

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Three lobes

Where is the pleural space located?

Between the visceral and parietal pleura

How does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

Simple diffusion

What structure does the bronchial tree begin with?

bronchi

What type of epithelium lines the bronchioles?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

What is the structure and function of alveoli?

Tiny air sacs made of squamous epithelium where gas exchange occurs

Between which structures does external respiration occur?

RBCs and alveoli

Between which structures does internal respiration occur?

RBCs and body cells

What causes inspiration (inhalation)?

Contraction of the diaphragm

During inspiration, does lung pressure increase or decrease?

decreases

What causes expiration (exhalation)?

Elastic recoil of lung tissue

What is tidal volume?

Amount of air moved during a normal breath

Where is the respiratory center located in the brain?

Medulla oblongata and pons

Which part of the respiratory system is affected by emphysema?

alveloli

What is a pneumothorax?

Air in the thoracic cavity causing lung colllapse