History PPL

HISTORY TEST LOCK IN

Emperor Zeno of the East

Tried to reconquer Italy and ordered Chief Theodoric to kill Odacer.

Theodoric

Became King of Italy in 493 after killing Zeno; initiated Arianism and established dual laws for Romans and Germans.

Clovis

First ruler of the United Frankish Kingdom; converted to Catholicism in 496, intertwining French and Catholic histories.

Charles Martel

Known as 'The Hammer', he was the Major Domus and mayor of the palace who led the Franks at the Battle of Tours in 732.

Pepin The Short

Father of Charlemagne who helped solidify the Carolingian dynasty.

Charlemagne

Expanded his kingdom every spring, became Emperor of Romans on Christmas Day after saving the Pope.

St. Maurice

Patron of Knights and an example of Chivalry who stood up for Christians.

Alfred The Great

United Anglo-Saxon tribes and formed England.

King Edward the Confessor

Died without an heir and appointed William, his French cousin.

William the Conqueror

Conquered England at the Battle of Hastings and created the Bayeux Tapestry.

Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine

Began the Plantagenet Dynasty and introduced the concept of Common Law.

St. Thomas Beckett

Opposed Henry II’s beliefs and was executed for it; related to the Canterbury Tales.

Richard The Lionheart

Led forces in the Third Crusade.

John I

Richard’s brother known for cruelty and raising taxes, forced to sign the Magna Carta.

King Edward I

Summoned the first Parliament in 1295 and established legislative checks on royal power.

Hugh Capet

Began the Capetian Dynasty as Count of Orleans and Paris.

Phillip II (Augustus)

Took half of France from John and improved royal administration by hiring the middle class.

King Louis IX

Expanded courts, protected rights, led crusades, and tried to create alliances.

Philip IV

'The Fair', created Royal Courts and the Estates General.

Otto The Great

Founded the Holy Roman Empire.

Rurik

Viking prince of the Rus who ruled Novgorod.

Cyril and Methodius

Created Cyrillic, a written script.

Oleg

Expanded to make Kyiv the capital in 870 and initiated trade with the Byzantines.

St. Olga of Kiev

First Russian leader to convert to Christianity and avenged her husband Igor.

Igor

Husband of Olga and son of Oleg.

Vladimir the Great

Married Byzantine Emperor's sister and adopted Christianity in 987.

Yaroslav the Wise

Spread Christianity within his realm.