Christianity/Study of Religion

Purgatory

“between” heaven and hell; a “stop” on the way to heaven where sins are forgiven and absolved, and one is purified before entering heaven

Sola Scriptura

“by scripture”/”by the book alone”; do not look to the church’s understanding/teachings of the bible - answers can be found only in the bible

Sola Fide

“by faith alone”; we are saved solely by our faith in God - if we have faith, God will save us despite our imperfections

Indulgences

lessening of your time in purgatory received by doing good deeds (catholic church “has the power” to lessen your time)

Martin Luther

Leading figure in the reformation; felt the church was corrupt & catholic teachings about certain issues were wrong and needed to be corrected (because there is a real stake → salvation; church doing a disservice to their believers)

Cognitive Dissonance

Two warring ideas in the mind

Disconfirmation of Prophecy

predicted event fails to occur

Arianism

Arias held that Jesus did not coexist eternally with the Father

Nestorianism

human & divine elements of Christ constitute 2 separate natures

Monophysitism

Jesus had a single divine essence, so his humanity was subdued within them

Chi Rho

christian symbol that represents Jesus Christ adopted by Constantine to symbolize his victory

Ex Cathedra

infallible teachings issued by the pope

Infallibility

incapable of failing or misleading (in matters of faith)

Holy Orders

Being ordained as a priest by a bishop

Eucharist

Ritual during Mass when the priest prays over wine and bread which become the body and blood of Jesus Christ

Transubstantiation

The internal changing of wine and bread become the body of Christ

Penance/Reconciliation

imposed to punishment by a priest after committing a sin; confession

Matrimony

marraige

Baptism

water poured over your head to remove original sin

Extreme Unction

anointing of the sick; when a sick person is near death, a priest anoints them and hears their sins

Confirmation

ritual in which you choose the church; your faith is confirmed

Apocalypse

The end of the end times after a battle between the anti-christ and the good Christians

Eschatology

Understanding of how time will end

Immaculate Conception

Mary was born without original sin (so she could not transfer sin to Jesus)

Sacrament

Central ritual that impacts one in a way that relates to their salvation

Original Sin

Christians believe that everyone is born with sin because of Adam and Eve

Millenarianism

Jesus will rule over earth for 1000 years, making everything right and just before the final judgement

Dogma of Assumption

“The Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary”: dogma that Mary went to heaven (her body and soul)

Fundamentalism

Protestant belief that Christians/the Church should only act in accordance to what the bible actually says

Unconscious

Our internal conflict from instinctual drives are repressed and “locked” away

Neurosis

Repression

Id

Holds instinctual drives

Oral Phase

Infants put everything into their mouths to explore

Anal Phase

Interested in organization and categories

Phallic Phase

Discovering that sexual organs provide pleasure

The Oedipus Complex

Men have an unconscious desire for their mothers sexually and their fathers become sexual rivals

Delusion

Totem

Taboo

Ego

Conscious awareness of self

Illusion

Superego

Allows us to function in civilizationa

Assumption

Liminality

Collective Effervescence

Totemism

Indigenous Australian religion in which a particular clan has a totem, which is usually an animal, that is protected and cannot be harmed (exception with a festival where you eat the totem)

Piacular Ritual

Postive Ritual

Negative Ritual

Collective Conscience

Shared sense of social values

Mechanical Solidarity

Solidarity of sameness; “everyone does the same thing”

Social Solidarity

Solidarity of difference; “everyone is doing something different”

Profane

Doesn’t represent the group

Sacred

Set apart and forbidden because they represent the group

Social Facts

Ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that originate between people and are coercive in nature

Anomic Suicide

Suicide when you get disappointed in your social position changes

Altruistic Suicide

Suicide for the good of the group; when someone is so integrated into a particular social group that they lose their sense of individuality

Egoistic Suicide

Suicide from being poorly integrated into society; left alone as an individual and not connected with any social structures