Chapter 22 - Transition to Parenthood

Bonding

Emotions experienced by parents in relation to the infant

Attachment

Two way interaction that develops the 1st year

T/F: Bonding precedes attachement

TRUE

Mutuality

Infant’s characteristics that elicit parental behaviors

• infant smiles → signals caregiver to initiate contact

Claiming Process

Identification of new infant

• “he looks like his dad”

• NOT exclusive to biologic likeliness

What type of voice tone can infants respond to best?

High pitched voices

Entrainment

NBs move with the structure of adult speech

Biorhythmicity

When fetus is in sync with mom’s rhythms

• mothers heartbeat recording soothes baby

Reciprocity

Behavior that provides observer with cues (parent response depends on baby cue)

Synchrony

Fit btwn infant cue and parent response

• ex: sharing a smile

What should mothers learn?

To reserve stimulation for pauses

What may signal the end of an interaction?

• Pouting

• crying

• arching back

• general squirming

Responsivity

• Feeling like having an influence on an interaction

How attachment may form?

By parent staying close and responding consistently

4 Stages of Becoming a Mother

1) Adjustment during pregnancy

2) Birth of infant & taking on maternal role thru learning

3) 2 weeks - 4 mos, mother individualizes her role

4) >4 mos, mother gains competency in her role

Engrossment

Father’s absorption, preoccupation, and interest in infant

Adolescent moms have higher risk for

• PPD

• Mortality rates

• child abuse/neglect

• unrealistic expectations for developmental stage

What may older mothers experience?

• Social isolation

  • caught in a sandwich generation

NA for Visually Impaired Parents

• Oral teaching

• Orient them to the room

• Allow them to feel devices

NA for Hearing Impaired Parents

• Use WB

• Visual aids

• Try having hearing person present

• Devices that transform sound to light

When may sibling rivalry begin

When the new baby excitement wears off

What should parents encourage to minimize sibling rivalry?

Allow older sibling to interact at their own pace