HCIA-Cloud Computing V5.0: IT and Cloud Basics

This set covers IT basics, the evolution from traditional IT to cloud architecture, computer and virtualization history milestones, and the NIST definition of cloud computing.

IT (Information Technology)

The entire spectrum of technologies for information processing, including software, hardware, communications, and related services.

Yidao Yongche

The first application to allow users to book professional car reservation services online, founded in 2010 in Beijing.

Internet of Everything (IoE)

The third generation of the Internet (the 5G era) where all computers, mobile phones, and smart terminals are connected to each other.

Scale-up expansion

The traditional centralized IT expansion method that can only improve the processing performance of a single server.

TCO

Total cost of ownership, which is high in traditional IT due to low device utilization.

Virtualized Architecture

An IT architecture based on virtualized underlying physical hardware where service systems run on virtual environments to maximize hardware utilization.

Cloud Architecture

An architecture using virtualization, distributed, and automatic O&M technologies to provide resource pooling, self-service offerings, and unified metering.

SDS

Software-defined storage, a mode used in cloud migration to replace dedicated hardware.

Computer

A high-speed electronic device capable of performing numerical and logical calculations and automatically processing data based on programming instructions.

Herman Hollerith

The American scientist who developed an electromechanical tabulating machine for storing accounting data in 1889.

Vannevar Bush

The scientist who built the world's first analog computer with digital components in 1930.

ENIAC

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, the world's first electronic computer, customized by the U.S. military in 1946.

von Neumann architecture

A computer architecture invented in 1950 for the first parallel computer, utilizing binary format and stored programs.

IBM System/370

An IBM system announced in 1970 that replaced magnetic core storage with large-scale integrated circuits and applied virtual memory technology.

Virtualization

The act of creating a logical representation of resources that allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run isolated on a single physical server while sharing resources.

VMware

A company founded in 1998 that launched VMware Workstation in 1999, which was a commercial virtualization software allowing multiple OSs on one physical server.

Xen 3.0.0

The first hypervisor with Intel® VT-x support, released in 2005, capable of running on 32-bit servers.

KVM

Kernel-based Virtual Machine, officially announced by the Israeli startup Qumranet in 2006.

LXC 0.1.0

Linux Container 0.1.0, released in 2008 to provide lightweight virtualization.

Kubernetes v1.0

The software released in 2015 that opened the cloud native era.

NIST Cloud Computing Definition

A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort.