Urinalysis & Body Fluids Final Exam Review 2023

Vocabulary flashcards created from the lecture notes on Urinalysis and Body Fluids to aid in exam preparation.

Urinalysis

The analysis of urine for medical purposes to assess health or diagnose diseases.

Renal Anatomy

The study of the structure and location of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Glomerular Filtration

The process by which the kidneys filter excess fluid and waste from the blood, forming urine.

Tubular Reabsorption

The process in which the kidneys recover water and essential solutes from the filtrate back into the blood.

Tubular Secretion

The process of transferring substances from blood into the renal tubule, contributing to urine formation.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

Hormone that helps regulate water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Creatinine

A waste product from muscle metabolism that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and is an important marker of kidney function.

Renal Threshold

The plasma concentration level of a substance above which the kidneys begin to excrete it into the urine.

Clean Catch Midstream

A method of collecting urine that minimizes contamination from skin or genital flora.

Urine Specific Gravity

A measure of the concentration of solutes in urine, indicating the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine.

Bilirubin

A yellow compound produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin; high levels in urine can indicate liver dysfunction.

Urobilinogen

A byproduct of bilirubin metabolism that is normally present in urine but elevated levels can indicate liver disease or hemolysis.

Nitrite

A compound that can indicate bacterial infection when present in urine.

Leukocyte Esterase

An enzyme produced by white blood cells, its presence in urine can indicate inflammation or infection.

pH (of urine)

A measure of the acidity or basicity of urine, typically ranging from 4.5 to 8.

Synovial Fluid

A viscous fluid found in joint cavities that lubricates and nourishes cartilage.

Amniotic Fluid

The fluid that surrounds and protects the fetus in the womb, allowing for movement and development.

Total Protein

The total concentration of proteins in a fluid sample, often used to assess abnormal conditions.

Hematuria

The presence of blood in urine, which can indicate infection, stones, or other conditions.

Hemoglobinuria

The presence of free hemoglobin in urine, indicating hemolysis.

Myoglobinuria

The excretion of myoglobin in urine, often seen in muscle injury.