End of the year vacca test

Brown v Board (1954)

The Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

Oliver and Linda Brown

Oliver is one of the parents from the case that sued the school district (Topeka, Kansas) for making his daughter (Linda) attend a school that was further away. (The case was named after him).

Berlin Wall (1961-1989)

A concrete barrier built by East Germany (Soviet Union) to separate East Berlin from West Berlin and prevent East Germans from escaping to the West (represents the global division)

Significant people from the Berlin Wall

JFK - Supported the West

Ronald Regan - Challenged the soviet leader (Mikhail Gorbachev)

Nikita Khrushchev - Soviet leader who supported the construction of the wall

Walter Ulbricht - East German leader who ordered the building of the wall

Helmut Kohl – West German leader who played a major role in the reunification of Germany after the wall fell.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Lyndon B Johnson - A piece of legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

It ended segregation in public places, prohibited discrimination in employment, and gave the government greater power to enforce civil rights laws.

Medicare (1965)

Established on July 30, 1965, when LBJ signed the Social Security Amendments.

It was originally designed for Americans ages 65 and older

Parts of Medicare

Part A: Hospital insurance that covers inpatient hospital care, skilled nursing facilities, hospice care, and some home health services. It was funded mainly through payroll taxes.

Part B: Medical insurance that covers doctor visits, outpatient services, preventive care, medical equipment, and other medical expenses not covered by Part A. It was voluntary and funded through monthly premiums and federal government funds.

The British Invasion

A cultural phenomenon where UK rock and pop artists (The Beatles and The Rolling Stones) dominated the American music charts. It also influenced fashion and youth culture (longer hair and modern clothing styles), and it encouraged young people to challenge traditional social norms.

Vietnam War (Causes)

The Vietnam War grew out of the Cold War tensions and the U.S policy of containment (stop the spread of communism). Harry Truman started the domino theory. The U.S> supported South Vietnam, leading to increasing military involvement.

Vietnam War (major events)

Gulf of Tonkin (GoT), 1964- Alleged attacks on U.S (1 actual recorded attack, the other was made up) naval ships in 1964 led Congress to pass the GoT. Giving LBJ broad authority to escalate the war without a declaration.

War Powers Act (1973)

Passed by Congress to limit the president's ability to commit troops to combat without congressional approval after concerns over presidential power during Vietnam.

The Draft

It mostly favored wealthy college students over low income and minority men (fueled the anti war movement). The lottery system (drafted by birthday). many Americans opposed it because it seemed unfair and sent large numbers of young men to Vietnam.

Activism (antiwar)

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), teach-ins, massive protests, and events such as the Kent State shootings increased public opposition to the war. forced the end of the military draft, and led Congress to legislate an end to U.S. military activity

Political Assassinations

• John F. Kennedy (1963): President assassinated in Dallas, Texas.

• Malcolm X (1965): Civil rights leader assassinated in New York.

• Martin Luther King Jr. (1968): Civil rights leader assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, sparking riots across the country.

• Robert F. Kennedy (1968): Democratic presidential candidate assassinated while campaigning in California.

1968 Election

A highly divided U.S. presidential election held during the Vietnam War, civil rights unrest, and major political assassinations. Richard Nixon defeated Hubert Humphrey and George Wallace by appealing to the “Silent Majority,” promising “law and order” at home and “peace with honor” in Vietnam, leading to a shift in U.S. Vietnam War policy toward gradual withdrawal.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Proposed constitutional amendment guaranteeing equality regardless of sex; failed to be ratified by enough states.

Roe V Wade

Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion nationwide.

Nixon ( Foreign Policy accomplishments)

Nixon (Doctrine

Equal Pay act (1964)

Required equal pay for men and women doing the same work.

National Organization for Women (NOW) (1966)

Founded by Betty Friedan to fight for equal opportunities for women in employment, education, and politics.

Title IX of the Education Amendments

Prohibited sex discrimination in schools and expanded opportunities for women in athletics and education.