Anti-Infectives and Related Pharmacology

This set of flashcards encompasses key pharmacological terms and definitions related to anti-infectives, their mechanisms, side effects, and nursing considerations.

Amoxicillin

Penicillin antibiotic that weakens bacterial cell walls.

Cefaclor

Cephalosporin that destroys bacterial cell walls; caution with penicillin allergy.

Tetracycline

Bacteriostatic antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis; contraindicated in pregnancy and children.

Gentamicin

Aminoglycoside antibiotic with big side effects including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Ciprofloxacin

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for anthrax and urinary infections, associated with tendon rupture.

TMP-SMX (Bactrim)

Antibiotic with a risk of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; indicated for infections.

Vancomycin

Glycopeptide antibiotic for treating C-diff and MRSA; slow infusion due to Red Man Syndrome.

Isoniazid

Antimycobacterial agent for tuberculosis; hepatotoxicity and lupus syndrome are side effects.

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Antiviral that inhibits viral enzyme; indicated for Influenza A with potential renal impairment.

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Antiviral that inhibits viral DNA replication; indicated for herpes with nephrotoxicity risk.

Amphotericin B

Antifungal leading to severe nephrotoxicity; used for systemic fungal infections.

Methotrexate

Antineoplastic that inhibits folic acid reductase; associated with side effects like alopecia.

Aspirin (Bayer)

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis; avoid in children due to Reye’s syndrome.

Ibuprofen (Advil)

NSAID that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis; associated with GI bleeding.

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Acts on hypothalamus to reduce pain and fever; liver toxicity at high doses.

Phenobarbital

Barbiturate that inhibits neuronal impulses; significant respiratory depression risk.

Imipramine

Tricyclic antidepressant that inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.

Duloxetine

SNRI used for major depression; risk of serotonin syndrome.

Fluoxetine

SSRI that increases serotonin levels; associated with serotonin syndrome.

Lithium

Mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder with a narrow therapeutic range; early toxicity signs include tremors.

Haloperidol

Typical antipsychotic that blocks dopamine receptors; risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).

Phenytoin

Antiseizure med that blocks sodium channels; gingival hyperplasia is a side effect.

Morphine

Opioid analgesic; significant risk of respiratory depression.

Naloxone

Opioid antagonist used for overdose treatment.

Furosemide

Loop diuretic that can cause hypokalemia.

Spironolactone

Potassium-sparing diuretic that promotes sodium and water excretion without losing potassium.

Digoxin

Cardiac glycoside that improves heart contractility but is toxic at high levels.

Warfarin

Anticoagulant that inhibits clotting factor synthesis; monitor INR.

Heparin

Anticoagulant that inactivates thrombin; risk of HIT.

Atorvastatin

Cholesterol lowering statin that can cause muscle damage.

Metformin

Biguanide used for Type 2 diabetes; risk of lactic acidosis.

Glucagon

Hormonal treatment for severe hypoglycemia.

Levothyroxine

Thyroid hormone replacement for hypothyroidism; excessive can lead to hyperthyroid symptoms.

Acetazolamide

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; can cause metabolic acidosis.

Sucralfate

GI protectant that forms a barrier over ulcers.

Metoclopramide

Antiemetic that can cause EPS and is used for nausea.

Ondansetron

Antiemetic that blocks serotonin receptors; risk of QT prolongation.

Triangulated stats for P13 & P14 meds:

All associated with hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia and potentially fatal bleeding.