Science finals 6th grade

Density

the amount of matter in a given volume or area. ____ is also described as a measure of the compactness of matter. It is determined by dividing the amount of mass of a substance by its volume. D=m/v

Atmospheric pressure

The sum of forces exerted on the surface of the Earth by the molecules that compose the atmosphere per unit area.

Pressure gradient force

The difference in pressure between higher and lower areas of pressure and the distance between the two areas.

Isobar

Lines on a weather or atmospheric pressure map that indicate areas of equal atmospheric pressure.

Front

The boundary between air masses of two different densities.

Barometer

One of the key instruments used by meteorologists to measure changes in atmospheric pressure. A mercury barometer is one type of barometer. Changes in atmospheric pressure measured with a mercury barometer are reported in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).

Chemical properties

characteristics that describe the atomic or elemental composition of substances

Compound

matter formed by the chemical combination of elements

Elements

matter that cannot be broken down by ordinary means

Miscibility

the ability of a liquid to be dissolved in another liquid

Physical properties

characteristics of substances that describe its shape, size, or form

Solubility

the ability of a solid to be dissolved in a liquid

pH

a property of matter which describes the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

Kinetic energy

the energy of motion

Potential energy

The energy stored in an object or substance

Law of conservation of energy

a principle that states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, it simply changes form

Physical weathering

disintegration or breaking down of rock material into small fragments or pieces. In physical weathering, the chemical composition of the rock remains unchanged.

Chemical weathering

decomposition of rock material due to chemical reactions in the compound of the rock with chemicals in the environment.

Erosion

the process by which rock and other soil materials are loosened or dissolved and transported from one place to another

Minerals

the elements and compounds found in rocks

Rotation

the turning of a planet on its axis

Revolution

the movement of a planet or moon around another body

Orbit

the pathway of an object around another

Chemical change

a usually irreversible chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances and a change in their chemical properties or composition, resulting in the formation of at least one new substance

Matter

anything that has mass and takes up space

Mass

the amount of matter in an object

Barometric pressure

An indication of the atmospheric pressure in an area as measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) with a barometer.

Troposphere

The layer of the atmosphere extends from the surface of the Earth to approximately ten to twelve kilometers above the Earth's surface. It is the layer in which most of the Earth's weather occurs.

What happens to a gas as its temperature increases?

As temperature increases, density decreases, and volume increases.As temperature decreases, density increases, and volume decreases

What causes wind on Earth?

The rising and sinking of air masses of different temperatures and densities

If a mass of air cools down, what happens to its density and volume?

As it cools, the density increases, and its volume decreases

What is a barometer and how does it work?

A tool that measures atmospheric pressure. It works by pushing down the surrounding water in a glass to increase the level of water in a tube.

Can energy be converted from one form to another?

Yes, because the law of conservation of energy states that energy can not be created or destroyed it can only be transferred.

What happens to electrical energy when you switch on a lamp?

electrical energy starts being converted to heat when you use a lamp

What are some examples of potential energy?

objects that are stationary, a light bulb off, the person in the air on a seesaw has the potential energy due to their elevation above the ground, dam holding back water, the ball at the 90 degree angle on the pendulum, person at the edge of a diving board, book resting on a shelf, top of a roller coaster, raised hammer

If a substance is soluble in water, what should it do?

It means that it dissolves in a liquid, That liquid is usually water

Can you determine an unknown substance by its volume or density?

NO!!!!!!! You can have many different substances all with the same mass. This does not mean they are all elements or compounds. The mass is just the weight of the sample multiplied by the force of gravity

What does a pH indicator measure determine about a given substance?

It tells us whether the substance is an acid or a base, Acids contain more hydrogen atoms with more hydrogen located in the lower numbers, Bases contain hydroxide atoms with more hydroxide group located in the higher numbers

What are some examples of physical properties?

Texture, size/shape, color, malleability, solubility, ability to conduct heat and electricity, luster, cleavage,

What are some examples of chemical properties?

pH

Boiling point

pH, boiling point, freezing point, toxcity, flammability, oxidation, rate of combustion

Do all liquids have the same pH value?

NO!! The pH of the liquid is based upon how much hydrogen is contained in the compound. Not all the liquids have the same amount of hydrogen

Does cutting a substance into pieces change its density?

NO!!!!!! When you cut a substance in half, you are only changing the sample size NOT the density of the material.

The density of a substance is based upon the amount of molecules contained in that specific volume of a substance

What causes the Earth to orbit the Sun?

The immense gravitational pull of the sun

What is rotational motion?

the turning of the Earth on its axis

What is the reason we experience four seasons on Earth?

rotation, axis, and revolution around the sun. The characteristics change so the way the sunlight hits certain parts of the Earth which cause the seasons.

What causes day and night on the Earth?

the tilt of the earth which effects where the sun hits it

Are the particles that make up soil all the same size?

No, soil is composed of many different components

What is soil composed of?

organic matter (humus), rocks, sand