TERPENOIDS - P2

• three

SESQUITERPENOIDS

• Composed of HOW MANY Isoprene units, C15H24

  • Widely distributed in nature and form the largest class of terpenoids

• β-cadinene- from oil of cade (Juniper tar)

• β-caryophylene- from clove oil

• Farnesyl Diphosphate

SESQUITERPENOIDS

• Sources:

• FROMMM

Abscisic acid (ABA)

– an essential plant hormone controlling growth and development

Germacranolides

CLASSES OF SESQUITERPENOID LACTONES

• with 10 membered ring

• Eudesmanolides

CLASSES OF SESQUITERPENOID LACTONES

• with two fused sixmembered ring

Qinghaosu

Artemisia annua

Anti- Malaria

Artemisinin

• OTHER NAME

• ORIGIN

• USES

“ginseng of Europe”

CHAMOMILE

• Labeled as

Matricaria recutita

CHAMOMILE

• ORIGIN

  • GERMAN

Chamaemelum nobile

CHAMOMILE

• ORIGIN

  • ROMAN

Feverfew

Antipyretic or febrifuge

• Acts as a serotonin antagonist resulting in an inhibition of the release of serotonin from the platelets

Tanacetum parthenium

Feverfew

• ORIGIN

Valeriana officinalis

Antianxiety agent and sleep aid

Valerian

• ORIGIN

• USES

• Guaianolides

CLASSES OF SESQUITERPENOID LACTONES

• with a five-membered ring fused to seven membered ring

• four

• , C20H32

DITERPENOIDS

• Composed of HOW MANY Isoprene units

• structure

Resins acids (Abietic acid)

DITERPENOIDS

• are exuded from the woods of trees, especially conifers, and protect the tree from infection and attack.

Gibberelins

DITERPENOIDS

• are plant hormones that stimulate plant growth

• Prodolactones

DITERPENOIDS

• are plant inhibitors

Colforsin

Coleus forskohlii

Vasodilator, weight loss aid

Forskolin

• AKA

• ORIGIN

• USES

Paclitaxel

Taxus brevifolia

• complex diterpenoid with a taxane ring system

• One of the most promising antineoplastic drugs Limitationlimited supply of the drug, difficult to synthesize (complex chemistry

Taxol

• AKA

• ORIGIN

• USES

Cucurbitacins

– defense against herbivory

Quassinoids

has antileukemic property (bruceantin)

Saponins

– toxic to cold blooded animals

Retinal

– is the major natural form of the vitamin, but known forms include the acetate and the palmitate esters of the alcohol and such oxidation products are TRETINOIN OR alltransretinoic acid ISOTRETINOIN OR 13-cis retinoic acid

FISH LIVER OIL

Vitamin A

• SOURCES

Vitamin A

Used to treat Acne vulgaris Severe recalcitrant cystic acne

Provitamin A

Beta-carotene

• AKA

Beta-carotene

The most common carotenoid in higher plants

• Responsible for the yellow, orange, red and purple colors seen in living organisms.

Beta-carotene

In animals: • Serves as source of vitamin A and other retinoids as photoprotective, as antioxidant and preventing oxidative damage to cells.

Beta-carotene

Uses: • As colorants for foods, animal feeds, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics