Print FINAL

Level 1 detail

Main pattern types : arch loop whorl

Level 2 detail

The path a specific ridge takes - where it starts and ends, how it interacts to other ridges

What are the major ridge events

Dot, Ridge ending, Bifurcation

What are characteristics of level 2 detail

Dot , ridge ending, bifurcation

Level 3 details

ACE-V , A stands for

Analysis- Data collection phase

ACE-V, C stands for

Comparison

ACE-V, E stands for

Evaluation- Support or reject hypothesis

ACE-V, V stands for

Verification

3 requirements to be a loop

1. looping ridge without ridges

2. Delta

3. ridge count across looping ridge

Ulnar

pointed toward pinky

radial

pointed toward thumb

Henry Classification

each finger assigned a number

H. Class- Whorl

number in ratio form

H. Classification allows for how many groupings

1024 primary groupings

H. Class of even fingers

1 + (Sum of even values)

H. class- of odd fingers

1+(odd sum of fingers)

NCIC Classification

new classification system

Comparision

A side-by-side examination of latent/unknown impression and a known impression

evaluation

examining all correspondence and non-correspondence noted during comparision phase at all three levels of detail and render a conclusion

we start with latent first because

it helps avoid mindset influence

mindset influence

if we start with a clear image (the known) the brain may form an expectation and trick us into seeing the same feature in the unclear image when it is not present

why are no two prints exactly the same

distortion and differences within tolerance

identification/ individualization

The unknown impression was made by the same source as the known exemplars

Inconclusive similarities cannot be identified

There are similarities noted between the unknown impression and the known exemplars however, the similarities are not sufficient to identify

Inconclusive quality of latent

Due to the quality of the latent or unknown orientation, a conclusion cannot be rendered.

Inconclusive quality of knowns

Due to the quality of the known exemplars a conclusion cannot be rendered

Inconclusive differences cannot exclude

There are differences noted between the unknown impression and the known exemplars; however thedifferences are not sufficient to exclude

Exclusion

The unknown impression was not made by the same source as the known exemplar