EDDF module 7

What is a schedule of reinforcement?

A rule that describes a contingency of reinforcement.

What is intermittent reinforcement?

Reinforcement some, but not all occurrences of the behavior procedure reinforcement.

Why intermittently reinforce?

To maintain a behavior after terminating treatment, to progress to naturally occurring reinforcement.

What is ratio schedule?

Requires a number of responses before one response produces reinforcement.

What is interval schedule?

Requires an elapse of time before a response produces reinforcement.

What is fixed?

The response ratio or time requirement remains constant.

What is variable?

The response ratio or time requirement can change from reinforced response to another.

What is fixed ratio?

The schedule of reinforcement requires the completion of a number of responses to produce a reinforcer.

What is consistency for fixed ratio?

Little hesitation then post-reinforcement pause.

What is postreinforcement pause?

Person does not respond for a period of time following reinforcement (influenced by size of ratio and reinforcement magnitude)

What is the rate of response for fixed ratio?

High rate of response.

What is variable ratio?

`Requires the completion of a variable number of a response to produce a reinforcer.

What is the consistency for variable ratio?

Consistent and steady

What is the rate of response for variable ratio

Quick, a quicker higher rate of response than fixed ratio.

What is fixed interval?

Provide reinforcement for the first response following a fixed duration of time.

What is the consistency of fixed interval?

Postreinforcement pause then accelerating rate towards the end of the interval.

What is a FI scallop?

Learner’s response rate gradually increases as the time for an expected reward approaches.

What is the rate of response for a fixed interval?

Slow to moderate.

What is variable interval schedule?

Provides reinforcement for the first correct response following the elapse of variable durations of time.

What is the consistency for variable interval schedule?

Constant and stable

What is the rate of responding for variable interval?

Low to moderate

What is a limited hold?

When added to an interval schedule, reinforcement remains available for finite time following the elapse of the FI or VI interval.

What is schedule thinning?

Gradual thinning can occur by increasing the response ratio or duration of the time interval.

What is a ratio strain?

Abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedule.

What is differential reinforcement of high rates? (DRH)

Reinforcement of response higher than a predetermined criterion.

What is differential reinforcement of low rates? (DRL)?

Reinforcement of responses lower than a predetermined criterion.

What is differential reinforcement of diminishing rates? (DRD)

Provides reinforcement at the end of a predetermined time interval when the number of responses is less than a criterion that is gradually decreased across time intervals based on the individual’s performance.

What is progressive schedule of reinforcement

Systematically things each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the participant’s behavior.

What is compound schedules of reinforcement?

Can occur successively or simultaneously, with or without discriminative stimuli, as a reinforcement contingency for each element independently, or a contingency formed by the combination of all elements

What is concurrent schedules (CONC)?

Occurs when two or more contingencies of reinforcement operation independently and simultaneously (for two or more behaviors

What is the matching law?

Typically the rate of responding is proportional to the rate of reinforcement received from each choice of alternative in a concurrent schedule.

What are discriminative schedules of reinforcement?

Multiple schedule, and chained schedule

What is multiple schedule of reinforcement (Mult)?

Presents two or more basic schedules of reinforcement in an alternating, usually random, sequence.

What is chained schedule of reinforcement?

Similar to multiple schedule but always in the same order, can be for same or different behaviors for each element, conditioned reinforcement for responding in one element is the presentation of the next element.

What is nondiscriminative schedules of reinforcement?

Mixed and tandem schedule.

What is mixed schedule? (MIX)

Identical to MULT except there is not discriminative stimuli correlated with the independent schedules.

What is tandem schedule (TAND)?

Identical to chained but does not use discriminative stimuli with the elements for the chain.

What are schedules combining the number of responses and time?

Alternative schedule (ALT) and Conjuctive schedule (CONJ)

What is alternative schedule (Alt)?

Provides reinforcement whenever the requirement of either a ratio schedule or an interval schedule is met.

What is conjunctive schedule (Conj)?

Whenever reinforcement follows the completion of the response requirements for both a ratio schedule and an interval schedule of reinforcement.