#9. 401-450

epithet

n. / an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned / 수식어/ 형용 / “The Great” is a common epithet for famous rulers.

redundant

adj. / not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous / 중복된 / The report contained redundant information.

sanctimonious

adj. / making a show of being morally superior to other people / 위선적인/ 독실한 척 하는 / His sanctimonious attitude annoyed everyone.

recap

v. / to summarize briefly / 요약하다/ 짧게 말하다 / Let me recap the main points of the meeting.

approbation

n. / approval / 승인/ 칭찬 / The student earned the teacher’s approbation.

superfluous

adj. / unnecessary, especially through being more than enough / 불필요한 / The extra details were superfluous.

dismayed

adj. / struck with fear or dread / 당황한/ 동요된/ 불안한 / She was dismayed by the results.

impugn

v. / to dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of / 의문을 제기하다 / The lawyer tried to impugn the witness’s credibility.

dissuade

v. / to persuade someone not to do something / 단념시키다/ 막다 / His parents tried to dissuade him from quitting school.

fallibility

n. / the likelihood of making errors / 오류나 흠의 정도 혹은 가능성 / The incident reminded everyone of human fallibility.

clique

n. / an exclusive group bound together by some shared quality or interest / 도당/ 파벌 / A small clique controlled the club.

convey

v. / to transport; to conduct; to communicate / 운송하다/ 수송하다/ 전달하다/ 알리다/ [법률] 양도하다 / Her expression conveyed disappointment.

facsimile

n. / an exact copy, reproduction / 사본/ 복제 / The museum displayed a facsimile of the document.

depose

v. / to remove someone from a powerful position / 물러나게 하다 / The king was deposed by rebels.

civil

adj. / adhering to social rules and manners / 매너있는/ 차분한 / Please remain civil during the debate.

inquisitor

n. / one who inquires, especially in a hostile manner / 조사관/ 캐묻는 사람 / The reporter acted like an inquisitor.

inquisitive

adj. / curious or inquiring / 호기심 많은 / The child was highly inquisitive.

inquisition

n. / a period of prolonged and intensive questioning or investigation / 심문 / He faced an inquisition from the committee.

citadel

n. / a fortress defending a city; a stronghold / 성채/ 요새 / The ancient citadel overlooked the town.

supervising

adj. / overseeing the performance or operation of a person or group / 지켜보는/ 관리하는 / The supervising teacher monitored the exam.

maverick

n. / an independent-minded person / 독불장군 / He was considered a political maverick.

secede

v. / to withdraw from an alliance / [특히 정당, 종교 단체에서] 탈퇴하다/ 분리하다/ 양보하다/ 인정하다/ 동의하다 / The region threatened to secede from the union.

foreclose

v. / to deprive a mortgagor of his or her right to redeem a property; to shut out or exclude / 저당물을 상환할 권리를 박탈하다/ 배제하다/ 내쫓다 / The bank planned to foreclose on the house.

cynical

adj. / believing the worst of human nature and motives / 비관적인 / He became cynical after years of disappointment.

relinquish

v. / to give up / ~을 놓다/ 포기하다 / She refused to relinquish control.

musing

n. / calm, significant consideration (doesn't have to be important) / 깊고 차분하게 한 생각 (중요하지 않을 수 있음) / His musings filled the journal.

erosion

n. / the gradual wearing away or loss of something / 침식 / Coastal erosion threatened the village.

assertive

adj. / confident and forceful in expressing oneself / 단호한 / She gave an assertive response.

abhor

v. / to hate very, very much; to detest / 몹시 싫어하다/ 혐오하다 / I abhor cruelty to animals.

improvident

adj. / not providing or saving for the future / 부주의한 / His improvident spending caused debt.

inclination

n. / tendency; preference; liking / 경향/ 성향 / She had an inclination toward music.

transcribe

v. / to write down or type out a copy of / 필사하다 / The secretary transcribed the speech.

transcription

n. / the act or process of transcribing / 필사 / Accurate transcription is important in research.

spawn

v. / to bring forth; to produce a large number / 산란하다/ 대량 생산하다 / The controversy spawned many debates.

unfeigned

adj. / genuine; sincere / 진심 어린/ 진실한 / She expressed unfeigned gratitude.

intervene

v. / to get involved, especially during the middle / 사이에 끼어들다/ 개입하다 / The teacher intervened to stop the fight.

toil

v. / to work hard / 열심히/ 힘들게 노력하다 / Farmers toiled in the fields all day.

toil (n)

n. / hard, difficult effort or work / 힘든 노력 / Success came after years of toil.

pamper

v. / to treat with excessive indulgence; to allow whatever someone wants / ~을 떠받들다/ ~을 오냐오냐해주다 / The grandparents loved to pamper the child.

nocturnal

adj. / active mainly during the night / 야행성의 / Owls are nocturnal animals.

vignette

n. / a small, decorative design or drawing; a short literary sketch; a brief but expressive scene in a play or movie / 삽화/ 단편 소설/ 연극이나 영화 속 간결하고 표현력 있는 장면 / The novel included a humorous vignette.

incongruous

adj. / not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something / 어울리지 않는 / His bright outfit looked incongruous at the funeral.

diaphanous

adj. / light and translucent / 아주 얇고 투명한 / She wore a diaphanous veil.

coronation

n. / the act of crowning / 왕위에 올리는 세례/ 왕관 / The coronation attracted visitors worldwide.

effigy

n. / a likeness of someone, especially one used in expressing hatred for the person of whom it is a likeness / 초상/ 모조체 / Protesters burned an effigy of the leader.

burlesque

n. / a ludicrous, mocking, or exaggerated imitation / 광대극/ 풍자극/ 익살극/ 풍자문/ 풍자시 / The play was a burlesque of politics.

tame

adj. / trained to obey people / 길들인 / The once wild animal became tame.

ribald

adj. / improper; lewd / (부적절하게) 음란한 / The comedian told ribald jokes.

enduring

adj. / lasting or continuing for a long time / 영속적인 / Their friendship proved enduring.

epiphany

n. / a sudden realization / 깨달음 / She had an epiphany during the trip.

arduous

adj. / involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring / 몹시 힘든/ 고된 / Climbing the mountain was arduous.

discordant

adj. / conflicting, not harmonious / 불협화음의 / The discordant sounds hurt my ears.

wily

adj. / crafty, sly / 간사한/ 교활한 / The wily thief escaped capture.

streamline

v. / to make something simpler/ to make something more effective/ to make something more productive / 간소화 하다 / The company streamlined its process.