1-Introduction to Biology

Based on cell structure all organisms can be put into one of two categories. What are the two categories?

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

1. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus

2. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and prokayotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles

3. Eukaryotic cells are typically larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.

What are 3 differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

True of False: All living organisms consist of at least one cell.

True

What type of organism can make its own food?

An autotroph

What type of organism can't make its own food and must acquire food from another organism?

A heterotroph

True or False: All living organisms acquire and use energy.

True

What is it called when an organism maintains a relatively stable internal environment?

Homeostasis

True or False: All living organisms maintain homeostasis.

True

True or False: All living organisms reproduce.

True

What molecule is the genetic material in all living organisms?

DNA

What type of reproduction produces offspring that are typically genetically identical to the parent?

Asexual Reproduction

What type of reproduction produces offspring that are genetically different from their parents?

Sexual Reproduction

What type of reproduction involves one parent giving rise to the offspring?

Asexual reproduction

What type of reproduction involves two parents giving rise to the offspring?

Sexual Reproduction

What are two differences between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?

1. Asexual reproduction involves one parent and sexual reproduction involves two.

2. In asexual reproduction the offspring are usually genetically identical to the parent and in sexual reproduction the offspring will be genetically different from either parent.

Diagram the relationship between DNA, RNA, and protein.

DNA ---> RNA ---> Protein.

DNA ---> RNA occurs in transcription.

RNA ---> protein occurs in translation.

What is it called when a population changes over the course of many generations?

Evolution

What is the name process where organisms with a particular heritable trait survive and reproduce better then other organisms that lack that heritable trait?

Natural Selection

What is the relationship between evolution and natural selection?

Natural Selection causes evolution. Said a different way, evolution causes a population to change over the course of many generations.

Do all organisms share a common ancestry?

Yes

Because structure determines function, what will most likely happen if you change a biological structure?

The biological structure will lose its function.

What is a molecule?

A molecule it two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

What is an organelle?

It is a subcellular structure with a particular function(s). You can think of it as an "organ" of the cell.

What is a membrane-bound organelle?

It is an an organelle with its own membrane. The membrane separates the inside of the organelle from the rest of the cell.

What is the name given to the association of many cells of the same type?

A tissue

What structure consists of two or more tissues and plays a unique role(s) for the individual?

An organ

What is the name given to a group of organs that work together to perform some function(s) for the individual?

An organ system

What is the name for a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area?

A population

What is the name for all the different populations that live together in the same area?

A community

What is name for the community plus the abiotic factors in an area?

The Ecosystem

All the ecosystems of earth combine to from what?

The Biosphere

What are the 3 domains in taxonomy?

Bacteria

Archaea

Eukarya

What domains consist of prokaryotic organisms?

Bacteria and Archaea

What domains consist of mostly unicellular organisms?

Bacteria and Arhaea

What domain consists of eukaryotic organisms?

Eukarya

What is the name of the 4 kingdoms in the Domain Eukarya?

Animalia

Plantae

Fungi

Protista