ENT 104 MIDTERM 3 Cartes | Quizlet

competition

the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources (-,-)

explotation

use of another person or group for selfish purposes (-,+)

Commensalism

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected (0,+)

Mutualism

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit (+,+)

Coevolution

Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other. Species A evolves in response to species B and vise versa

Spite both

____ is when ____ suffer. It does not evolve through natural selection and is a common behavior in humans.

Extra floral nectaries

doesn't have anything to do with the pollination process, and nectaries are the glands that produce nectar

home food protection

In the ant acacia system, the ants get a _____and ____ and the plants get _____

Water bugs, Earwig

Parental care is rare in insects. What are some examples of parental care?

Bulk provisioning

The male brings the female a nuptial gift ( a bunch of food at once)

Ongoing provisioning

This can occur in both males and female insects where the insect will continue to feed their young as they grow up.

Guarding

Males protecting the female they mated with OR The males or females protecting their eggs or young

nuptial gift

A food item or other item presented to a potential mate as part of courtship.

They are both an incentive for females to mate with them

Mothers quickly abandon their young in the presence of an ant

Mothers that abandon their young are more likely to produce a second clutch

What are the results that stemmed from the Parental care: Membracid caring for their young +ant presence

1) Mothers ___ abandon their young ______

2) Mothers that __________ are more likely to ________

longer

Nymphs with ant guards live ______ lives than those with their mother as their guard

males

What gender takes care of the young in giant water bugs

Sex role reversal

a change in the typical behavior patterns of males and females, as when, for example, females compete for access to males or when males choose selectively among potential mates

hemipteran

Giant water bugs are_____ predators

yes fish

Is parental care costly to giant water bugs?

What species was harder to catch?

larger

Male giant water bugs are more likely to mate with ____ females

Burying beetle

use carcasses as substrates fro raising their brood

ongoing parental

Males and females provide _______ to their young

decrease

Presence of male burying beetles actually ___ offspring fitness

defense

Why are both burying beetles needed to raise their young?

mutualistic

What type of relationship do burying beetles have with mites?

intacts holes

Within burying beetles ____ carcasses produce more offspring than carcasses with ____ in them

75%

Ants can make up to ____ of the animal biomass in some habitats such as the amazon

group defense

What is the main reason why ants are so successful?

Maiting

Virgin queen and males reproduce, often midair at lekking sites.

digs a burrow

Once the queen has mated, she ________ and starts a colony

nanitics

What is the name of the first batch of broods often composed of tiny workers?

reproductives

When the colony reaches a critical size it starts making___

Annuals

What is it called when some colonies produce one large sexual brood and then die?

Polygyny

When some ants have many queens.

Polydomy

Some ant species have multiple nests, smae colony but multiple nests.

gamergate

Workers with the ability to lay eggs

weaver ants

nest made of leaves bound together with silk from ant larvae. Most ant colonies are confined to a single tree but some can be larger

honey pot ants

In deserts, food only available for short time

Ants collect nectar while they can

Workers become storage vats.

These ants have massive wars in which they use signaling of strength alone to determine the victor

leaf cutter ants

Nearly all tropical

Very few animals known to grow their own food

Pieces of leaves are brought into the colony

Fungus is grown on the leaves

Fungus is the ants' only known food source

Fungus and ants not known to exist separately

physical caste

division of labor being seperated by the size of the ant

minims

tend the fungus garden and protect larger ants from phorid flies

A lot of work but highly specialized

Media

care for the larva and forage

Most of the work

have age based castes

Major

soldiers that do nothing but defend the other ants

The fungus garden is full of bad fungus

Why would a leaf cutter ant colony move?

The ____ ____ is full of ____ ____

Temporal caste

Bees of different ages specialize on different task sets

3

Bees go through puberty ___ times

Newly emerged

___ ____ bees clean cells and continue to develop

Nurses

____ feed the queen and the young. They act as the protein source for all the bees

Middle age

____ ____ bees process the food, build the nest and guard it

Forager

____ bees collect food

No

Do bees task repertoires overlap?

Discretized somewhat infelxible

The honey bee temporal caste system is ____, distinct task repertoires for each caste. AND ____ _____, workers cannot quickly switch between castes

Milkweed

Attracts butterflies, without this plant the monarch butterfly population is at risk .

Western Monarch

Small migration to the pacific coast each winter, not much is known about this species' migration.

Eastern Monarch

Long migrations from Northeast US and Canada to mexico

Mexico

Where do the Eastern Monarch Butterflies overwinter?

several

How many generations does it take for Eastern Monarch Butterflies to migrate to Mexico

billion

Up to a _____ butterflies overwinter in the mountains of Mexico

migratory non migratory

________ monarchs are better flies than _______ monarchs because they have bigger and differently shaped wings

less milkweed, deforestation, Climate change

List three main causes that threaten migratory butterflies

adverse seasons

Many animals migrate to avoid _______ _______

sun compass

Monarch butterflies use the _______ __________ migration strategy, which combines time of day and position of the sun, to travel as far as 6000 miles.

Clock compass system

Used in monarch butterflies to navigate their way to Mexico. The dorsal rim senses UV polarized light. Central complex and two clocks (brain and antenna) work together

polarized light

What do monarch butterflies use when they cannot see the sun?

Magnetic Field

What do monarch butterflies use if it is a completely overcast day?

dense populations

Many insects live in ______ ________ because food may be clustered together, this is not a social behavior `

defense and feeding, Thermoregulation

Why do certain insects aggregate together?

Group _______and _______

_______

rare

Parental care is _____ in insects

Social Behavior

___ ___ evolves from parental care. ----- groups are family groups that rear young together.

Ants

_____ are better defenders than soldier aphids

Ambrosia beetle

feeds on trees

Farm their fungus and eat a special fungal growth called CONIDINA

They form long lived colonies that exhibit eusocial behavior

rare

Sociality is _____ in spiders

23

how many social species of spiders are there?

colonial spiders

build individual webs side by side with common support. Can be up to 10,000 spiders. Probably evolves in places when anchor points are rare

Subsocial spiders

composed of a mother an her pre-adult offspring. Mother cares for the young, who help main the nest and capture prey. Mother takes care of young until they die (they may also get eaten by the young when she gets old)

Social Spiders

large groups of individuals in the same generation that cooperate in brood care, prey capture and other tasks .

share one giant web.

Colonies can range from dozens to thousands of spiders (depending on the species and stage of development of the nest). Mating is on the web and is associated with significant inbreeding

10-20%

What percentage of spiders in social spider webs are male?

False

T/F Social spiders prey on smaller prey

10

Social spiders can catch prey ______ times their size, as opposed to twice their size fro solitary species.

polistes

small colonies without an assembly line

Polybia

large colonies of swarm founding wasps