Lab Midterm

Abdominal Cavity

Liver

Spleen

stomach

Gallbladder

Small Intestine

Cranial Cavity

Brain

Pelvic Cavity

Internal reproductive organs

Thoracic Cavity

Lungs

Mediastinum

heart

Verterbral canal

Spinal Cord

Main system that secrets hormones that function in the intergration and coordination of the body

Endocrine System

Provides an outer covering of the body for protection

Integumentary system

Produces gametes and new organisms

Reproductive system

Stimulates muscles to contract, interprets information from sensory organs, and functions in the integration and coordination of th ebody

Nervous system

provides a framework and support for soft tissues and produce blood cells in red marrow

Skeletal system

Exchanges gases between air and blood

Respiratory System

Transports excess fluid from tissues to blood and helps defend the body against infections

Lymphatic System

Involves contractions and movement of the joints of the body and creates most body heat

Muscular System

Removes liquid and wastes from blood and transports them to the outside of the body

Urinary System

Breaks down and converts food molecules int absorbable forms

Digestive System

Transports nutrients, wastes, and gases throughout the body

Cardiovascular System

wrist

carpal

Reproductive organs

Genital

armpit

axillary

posterior region of elbow

cubital

buttocks

gluteal

finger or toe

digital

neck

cervical

arm

brachial

cheek

buccal

leg

crural

head

cephalic

anterior region of elbow

antecubital

ankle

tarsal

breasts

mammary

between anus and reproductive organs

perineal

sole of foot

plantar

middle of thorax

sternal

chest

pectoral

posterior region of knee

popliteal

foot

pedal

inferior posterior region of head

occipital

abdominal wall near thigh (groin)

inguinal

lower back

lumbar

palm

palmar

stomach ulcer

left upper quadrant

appendicitis

right lower quadrant

bowel sounds

all 4 quadrants

gallbladder attack

right upper quadrant

kidney stone in left ureter

left lower quadrant

reptured spleen

left upper quadrant

atomic weight (mass)

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

compound

a combination of two or more atoms of different elements

electron

a small, negativly charged particle that orbits the nucleus

Ion

an atom that has gained or lost electrons and thus carries and electrical charge

covalent bond

atoms are held together by sharing electrons

elements

the most fundamental substances of matter

base

a substance that combines with hydrogen ions

catalyst (enzyme)

a molecule that influences the rate of chemical reactions but is not consumed in the reactions

isotopes

two atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights

electrolyte

a substances that releases ion in water

atomic number

the number of protons in an atom

nucleus

the area of an atom where protons and neurons are located

iris diaphragm

increases or decreases the light intensity

stage

platform that supports a microscopic slide

condenser

concentrates light onto the specemin

adjustment knob (coarse)

causes stage (or objective lens) to move upward or downward

objective lens system

after light passes through the specemin, it next enters this lens system

Stage (slide) chip

holds a microscope slide in position

eyepiece (ocular)

contains a lens at the top of the body tube

arm

serves as a handle for carrying the microscope

nosepiece

part to which the objective lenses are attatched

field of view

circular area seen through the eyepiece

chromatin

loosley coiled fibers containing protein and DNA within a nucleus

mitochondria

location of ATP production for cellular energy

Ribosome

small RNA-containing particles for the synthesis of protein

vesicle

membranous sac that stores or transports substances

Nucleolus

dense body of RNA and protein within the nucleus

microtubule

slender tubes that provide movement in cilia and flagella

endoplasmic reticulum

composed of membrane-bound canals and sacs for tubular transport throughout the cytoplasm

cytoplasm

occupies space between the cell mebrane and the nucleus

golgi apparatus

flattened, membranous sacs that package a secretion

lysosome

membranous sav that contains the digestive enxymes

nuclear envelope

separates nuclear contents from the cytoplam

nucleus

spherical organelle that contains chromatin and the nucleolus

interphase

normal growth and development

cell passed check point and completed DNA replicaton as well as replication of centrioles and mitochondria

prophase

chromosomes condense and become visible

nuclear envelope and nucleolus disperse

spindle apparatus forms

Metaphase

chomesomes align along equator, or metaphase plate of cell

Anaphase

sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell

events begin which lead to cytokinesis

Telophase

Nuclear envelopes begin to assemble around Z daughter nuclei

Cytokenesis

Chromesomes decondense

spindle disappears

division of the cytoplasm into 2 cells

Simple columnar epithelium

Forms lining of stomach and intestines

elongated cells with elongated nuclei located near basement membrane

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Lines kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands

Simple squamous epithelium

single layer of flattened cells

forms walls of capillaries and air sacs of lungs

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

commonly posseses ciliar that move dust and mucus out of the respiratory airways

nuclei located at different levels within a single row of aligned cells

appears layered (stratified) but is a single layer of cells (simple)

stratified squamous epithelium

deeper cells cuboidal, or columnar; older cells flattened nearest the free surface

transitional epithelium

consists of several layers pf cells, allowing an expandable lining

forms inner lining of urinary bladder

forms framework of outer ear

elastic cartilage

functions as heat insulator beneath skin

provides stored energy supply in fat droplets in cytoplasm

adipose tissue

contains large amounts of fluid and transports nutrients, wastes, and gases

blood

cells in solid matrix arranged around central canal

matrix contains collagen fibers and mineral salts

bone (compact)

bind skin and fills spaces between organs

areolar tissue

main tissue of tendons and ligaments

dense connective tissue (regular)

forms the end of many long bones

hyaline cartilage

pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers

fibrocartilage