CNS

WHAT IS THE OTHER TERM FOR CRANIAL VAULT

CALVARIA

4 DIFFERENT BONES IN THE SKULL

FRONTAL

PARIETAL

TEMPORAL

OCCIPITAL

OPENINGS IN THE SKULL ALLOWING PASSAGE OF BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, AND LIGAMENTS

FORAMINA

WHAT NERVES ENTERS INTO THE SUPRAORBITAL FISSURE

OCULOMOTOR

TROCHLEAR

OPTHALMIC

ABDUCENS

WHAT NERVES ENTERS INTO THE FORAMEN ROTUNDUM

MAXILLARY

WHAT NERVES ENTERS INTO THE FORAMEN OVALE

MANDIBULAR

WHAT NERVES ENTERS INTO THE INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

FACIAL

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

WHAT NERVES ENTERS INTO THE JUGULAR FORAMEN

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

VAGUS

ACCESSORY

WHAT NERVES ENTERS INTO THE HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL

HYPOGLOSSAL

WHAT ARE THE 3 CRANIAL MENINGES

DURAMATER

ARACHNOID MATER

PIA MATER

THE MOST SUPERFICIAL LAYER IN THE BRAIN COMPOSED BY DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

DURAMATER

SEPARATES CEREBRUM

FALX CEREBRI

SEPARATES CEREBELLUM

FALX CEREBELLI

SEPARATES CEREBRUM AND CEREBELLUM

TENTORIUM CEREBELLI

THIS IS THE MIDDLE LAYER, A AVASCULAR COVERING. COMPRISED OF CELLS LOOSELY ARRANGED COLLAGEN AND ELASTIC FIBERS

ARACHNOID MATER

INNERMOST LAYER, CONSISTS OF THIN SQUAMOUS TO CUBOIDAL CELLS. BUNDLES OF COLLAGEN FIBERS AND FINE ELASTIC FIBERS

PIA MATER

SUPERIOR TO THE BRAINSTEM WHICH CONSISTS OF THALAMUS AND HYPOTHALAMUS. FORMS THE CENTRAL CORE OF BRAIN TISSUE

DIENCEPHALON

THIS BEGINS AT THE FORAMEN MAGNUM AND EXTENDS INFERIOR BORDER OF THE PONS

BRAIN STEM

THESE ARE FORMED BY THE LARGE CORTICOSPINAL TRACTS THAT PASS CEREBRUM TO THE SPINAL CORD

PYRAMIDS

THIS REGULATS HEART RATE, HEARTBEAT, AND BLOOD VESSEL DIAMETER

CARDIOVASCULAR CENTER

IT ADJUSTS THE BASIC RYTHM OF BREATHING. IT HAS REFLEXES SUCH AS VOMITING, SWALLOWING, SNEEZING ETC.

MEDULLARY RESPIRATORY CENTER

REGULATE CEREBELLAR NEURONS, AS IT PROVIDES INSTRUCTIONS THAT THE CEREBELLUM TO MAKE ADJUSTMENTS TO MUSCLE ACTIVITY

INFERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS

THIS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROPIOCEPTION IN THE LOWER LIMB

GRACILE NUCLEUS

THIS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROPIOCEPTION IN THE UPPER LIMB

CUNEATE NUCLEUS

THIS CARRY SENSORY SIGNALS TO THE THALAMUS

MEDIAL LEMNISCUS

WHAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR SENSE OF TASTE, HEARING, AND BALANCE

GUSTATORY

COCHLEAR

VESTIBULAR

THIS CONNECTS RIGHT AND LEFT CEREBELLAR HEMISPHERES

PONS

THIS REGION AIDS VOLUNTARY MOTOR OUTPUT COORDINATION

VENTRAL REGION

SERVE AS RELAY POINTS FOR MOTOR CONTROL

PONTINE NUCLEI

CONTAINS NUCLEI OF CRANIAL NERVES, INVOLVED IN THE SENSORY AND MOTOR FUNCTIONS

DORSAL REGION

WORKS WITH MEDULLARY RESPIRATORY CENTER TO REGULATE BREATHING

PONTINE RESPIRATORY GROUP

WHAT ARE THE TRACTS IN THE ANTERIOR MIDBRAIN

CORTICOSPINAL

CORTICOBULBAR

CORTICOPONTINE

REFLEX CENTERS FOR VISUAL STIMULI THAT ELICIT EYE MOVEMENTS. REFLEXES THAT GOVERN MOVEMENTS OF THE HEAD EYES AND TRUNK

SUPERIOR COLLICULI

IMPULSES FORM THE RECEPTORS FOR HEARING. HAS REFLEX CENTERS FOR THE STARTLE REFLEX

INFERIOR COLLICULI

CONTAINS DOPAMINE RELEASING NEURONS THAT CONTROL SUBCONSCIOUS MUSCLE ACTIVITIES. LOSS OF IT CAN LEAD TO PARKINSON’S DISEASE

SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

HELPS IN MUSCULAR MOVEMENT CONTROL AS IT RECIEVE AXONS FROM THE CEREBELLUM AND CEREBRAL CORTEX

RED NUCLEI

CONSISTS OF PAIRED OVAL MASSES OF GRAY MATTER WITH INTERSPERSED WHITE MATTER TRACTS. BRIDGES OF GRAY MATTER CONNECTING THE RIGHT AND LEFT HALVES IN 70% OF HUMAN BRAINS

THALAMUS

INFERIOR TO THE THALAMUS AS IT CONTAINS NUCLEI

HYPOTHALAMUS

WHAT ARE THE 4 MAJOR REGIONS OF HYPOTHALAMUS

MAMMILARY

TUBERAL

SUPRAOPTIC

PREOPTIC

ACTING AS RELAY STATIONS FOR RELEXES TO THE SENSE OF SMELL; ROUND PROJECTIONS

MAMMILARY BODIES

IT HELPS REGULATE BODY TEMPERATURE, BLOOD PRESSURE AND PUPIL DILATION

POSTERIOR HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEI

A STALK CONNECTING THE HYPOTHALAMUS TO THE PITUITARY GLAND

INFUNDIBULUM

AXONS FROM THE PARAVENTRICULAR AND SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEI FORM THE

HYPOTHALAMOHYPOPHYSEAL TRACT

THIS REGION REGULATES THE AUTONOMIC ACTIVITIES

PREOPTIC REGION

IT IS A SIZE OF A SMALL PEA, SECRETES MELATONIN TO PROMOTE SLEEPINESS

PINEAL GLAND

WHERE DOES PITUITARY GLAND LIES ON

HYPOPHYSEAL FOSSA

THE FIFTH LOBE, IT IS RESPONSIBLE INTEROCEPTION AND SOMATIC PROCESSING & PAIN

INSULA

FOLDS OF THE CORTICAL REGION DUE TO RAPID GROWTH DURING EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

GYRI

THESE ARE DEEPEST GROVES BETWEEN FOLDS

FISSURES

THESE ARE SHALLOWER GROVES BETWEEN FOLDS

SULCI

SEPARATES TEMPORAL LOBE FROM THE FRONTAL AND PARIETAL LOBES

LATERAL CEREBRAL FISSURE/ SYLVIAN FISSURE

SEPARATES FRONTAL LOBE FROM THE PARIETAL LOBE

CENTRAL SULCUS/ FISSURE OF ROLANDO

THIS SEPARATES THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES

LONGITUDINAL CEREBRAL FISSURE

SEPARATES OCCIPITAL FROM PARIETAL LOBE

PARIETO-OCCIPITAL FISSURE

PROVIDE INFORMATION BETWEEN HEMISPHERES, LARGEST FIBER BUNDLE IN THE BRAIN

CORPUS CALLOSUM

THIS IS THE HARD DRIVE OF OUR BRAIN AS IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MEMORY

HIPPOCAMPUS

EVALUATE HOW WELL MOVEMENTS INITIATED BY MOTOR AREAS; MAIN BRAIN REGION THAT REGULATES POSTURE AND BALANCE

CEREBELLUM

CENTRAL CONSTRICTED AREA OF THE CEREBELLUM

VERMIS

LOBE IN THE CEREBELLUM THAT IS CONTRIBUTES IN SKELETAL MUSCLE MOVEMENTS

ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR LOBE

LOBE IN THE CEREBELLUM THAT IS CONTRIBUTES IN EQUILIBRIUM AND BALANCE

FLOCCULONDULAR LOBE

CONSISTS OF GRAY MATTER IN A SERIES OF SLENDER, PARALLEL FOLDS CALLED FOLIA

CEREBELLAR CORTEX

TRACTS OF WHITE MATTER THAT RESEMBLE BRANCHES OF THE TREE

ARBOR VITAE

REGIONS OF GRAY MATTER THAT GIVE RISE TO AXONS CARRYING IMPULSES FROM THE CEREBELLUM TO OTHER BRAIN CENTERS

CEREBELLAR NUCLEI

THREE PAIRS OF BUNDLED WHITE MATTER TRACTS THAT ATTACH THE CEREBELLUM TO THE BRAIN STEM

CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLES

CONTAINS AXONS THAT EXTEND FROM THE CEREBELLUM TO THE NUCLEI OF THE MIDBRAIN AND INTO THALAMUS

SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLES

LARGEST PEDUNCLE; AXONS CARRY IMPULSES FOR VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS FROM PONTINE NUCLEI

MIDDLE CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLES

RECEIVE INPUT FROM MOTOR AREAS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX INTO THE CEREBELLUM

MIDDLECEREBELLAR PEDUNCLES

A THIN MEMBRANE THAT ANTERIORLY SEPARATES THE LATERAL VENTRICLES

SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM

NARROW SLIT-LIKE CAVITY ALONG THE MIDLINE SUPERIOR TO THE HYPOTHALAMUS

THIRD VENTRICLE

LIES BETWEEN THE BRAINSTEM AND THE CEREBELLUM

FOURTH VENTRICLE

CLEAR, COLORLESS LIQUID COMPOSED OF WATER THAT PROTECTS THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

PERMITS CERTAIN SUBSTANCES TO ENTER THE CSF BUT EXCLUDES OTHERS PROTECTING THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

BLOOD-CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BARRIER

MAJORITY OF CSF IS PRODUCED, NETWORKS OF BLOOD CAPILLARIES IN THE VENTRICULAR WALLS

CHOROID PLEXUSES

THEY COVER THE CAPILLARIES OF THE CHOROID PLEXUS

EPENDYMAL CELLS

RECEIVE INPUT FROM THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND PROVIDE OUTPUT TO MOTOR PARTS OF THE CORTEX

BASAL GANGLIA

ACTIVITY OF NEURONS IN THIS PART ANTICIPATES BODY MOVEMENTS

PUTAMEN

ACTIVITY OF NEURONS IN THIS PART OCCURS PRIOR TO EYE MOVEMENTS

CAUDATE

HELPS REGULATE THE MUSCLE TONE REQUIRED FOR SPECIFIC BODY MOVEMENTS

GLOBUS PALLIDUS

REFERS TO THE STRIATED APPEARANCE OF THE INTERNAL CAPSULE AS IT PASSES AMONG THE BASAL NUCLEI

CORPUS STRIATUM

THIN SHEET OF GRAY MATTER SITUATED LATERAL TO THE PUTAMENT. A SUBDIVISION OF THE BASAL NUCLEI

CLAUSTRUM

WHAT DOES ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY SUPPLY

MEDIAL SURFACE OF CEREBRUM

DEEP GRAY MATTER

WHAT DOES MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY SUPPLY

LATERAL SURFACE OF CEREBRUM

POSSESS ELECTRICAL EXCITABILITY, THE ABILITY TO RESPOND TO A STIMULUS AND CONVERT IT INTO AN ACTION POTENTIAL

NEURON

CHANGE IN THE ENVIRONMENT TO INITIATE AN ACTION POTENTIAL

STIMULUS

ELECTRICAL SIGNAL THAT PROPAGATES ALONG THE SURFACE OF THE MEMBRANE OF A NEURON

ACTION POTENTIAL

ALSO KNOWN AS PERIKARYON/SOMA. CONTAINS NUCLEUS SURROUNDED BY CYTOPLASM THAT INCLUDES TYPICAL CELLULAR ORGANELLES

CELL BODY

SHORT TAPERING AND HIGHLY BRANCHED FORM A TREE SHAPED ARRAY OF PROCESSE EXTENDING FROM THE CELL BODY

DENDRITES

A LONG THIN CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION JOINS TO THE CELL BODY

AXON

• COMMON BRAIN DISORDER; STROKE OR BRAIN ATTACK

• INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRAHAGE

• BLOOD CLOT

CEREBROBASCULAR ACCIDENT

• MOTOR DISORDER IN LOSS OF MUSCLE CONTROL AND COORDINATION

• COMMON IN CHILDREN

• DAMAGE IN MOTOR AREAS DURING INFANCY, BIRTH, OR FETAL LIFE

CEREBRAL PALSY

• PROGRESSIVE GENERAL LOSS OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES

• IMPAIRMENT OF MEMORY, JUDGEMENT AND ABSTRAT THINKING

• MOST COMMON IN ELDER PEOPLE

DEMENTIA

• ABNORMAL COGNITION AND DISORDERED ATTENTION ACCOMPANIED BY DISTURBANCES OF SLEEP WAKE CYCLE AND PSYCHOMOTOR BEHAVIOR

DELIRIUM