chemistry - thermochem and equilibrium

2 A + B → 2 C

A is added

shift ->, less B, more C

2 A + B → 2 C

B is added

shift ->, less A, more C

2 A + B → 2 C

C is added

shift <-, more A, more B

2 A + B → 2 C

temperature is increased

shift <-, more A, more B, less C

2 A + B → 2 C

temperature is decreased

shift ->, less A, less B, more C

2 A + B → 2 C

pressure is increased

shift towards side with more moles

endothermic

heat is absorbed and is a reactant

exothermic

heat is released and is a product

enthalpy

the amount of energy released or absorbed during the reaction

activation complex

the highest state in the rxn with the most PE

activation energy

the minimum amount of energy needed to transform the rxn

solid → liquid

melting

liquid → gas

boiling

gas → liquid

condensation

liquid → solid

freezing

solid → gas

sublimation

gas → solid

deposition

solid KE and PE

KE increases; PE stays constant

melting KE and PE

KE stays constant; PE increases

liquid KE and PE

KE increases; PE stays constant

boiling KE and PE

KE stays constant; PE increases

gas KE and PE

KE increases; PE stays constant

heat

the avg KE of random motion in particles

temperature

specific energy needed to raise 1C

why doesn’t the temp of water continually increase as it is heated?

because temperature doesn’t change during phase changes

what does a catalyst do to a reaction? what does it affect in values?

speed up a reaction; only lowers the activation energy and ENTHALPY DOESN’T CHANGE

increasing temperature makes… decreasing temperature makes…

particles move faster; particles move slower

increasing volume makes… decreasing volume makes…

particles collide slower; particles collide more often

higher concentration makes; lower concentration makes

faster rxn rate; lower rxn rate

powders makes; lumps makes

more collisions and faster rxn rate; less collision and lower rxn rate

dynamic equilibrium

when a system’s forward and reverse process occur simultaneously