Issue 2 (WWII)

What is Ultranationalism

Extreme Nationalism that moves from valuing ones intrests to being openly hostile towards other nations; leads to facsisim, racism and conflict

What triggered the change In Russia’s government

The Russian Revolution rid Russia completely of Monarchy which followed by a communist regime

When did Josef Stalin come to rule the commuist party

1928

What was Stalins goal for the soviet union

To replace loyaties of distinct national groups like the kulaks with Soviet nationalism

How were Ukrainain farmers treated when they refused to give up their land

Stalin confiscated their crops, leading to up to 10 million deaths by starvation in the 1930s

How was the Ukrainain language handled under Stalin

It was outlawed in public

Who were the largest group of poltical prisoners in forced labor camps

Ukrainains

What happened to those accused of being an enemy of the people

Stalin rid the Commuist party of them; thousands were executed and millions sent to slave labor camps

Under what conditions do nationalism and ultranationalism arise

Social and Economic crisis, emergence of charsmatic leader, and national traditions/myths promoting superiority.

How do extreme nationalists use propaganda

They use it to manipulate human emotions, specifically fear and insecurity, to persuade people to behave in a certain way

Why do extreme nationalists call their opponents names like terriosists

To arouse anger and fear among the population

How do Ultranationalists handle their own failures or defeats

They use words that hide the true meaning of events (reffering to death camps as concerntration camps to mask their actions

Why is the use of respected symbols (national flags) a common propaganda tatic

To appeal peoples values and beliefs and create an emotional connection to the cause

What is the primary goal of appealing to people’s fears in propaganda

To try to make them support a particular action or policy they might otherwise reject

What is the primary purpose of propaganda for extreme nationalists

To manipulate human emotion (fear insecurity) to persuade people to behave a certain way

Why do ultranationlists use name calling (ex, calling opponents terroists)

To arouse anger and fear

How do ultranationalists handle their own failures and defeats through language

They use words to hide the true meaning such as calling death camps concentration camps

Why are respected symbols like national flags used in propaganda

To appeal to peoples existing values and beliefs

What was the goal of appealing to peoples fears in propaganda

To try to make them support a particular action

What were the conditions in Germany post WWI

Damaging Treaty of Versailles, unstable gov, extreme inflation. massive unempolyment, homlessness, starvatiom

When was Adolf Hitler elected as leader of Germany

1933, after the Nazi party gained support due to worsening economic conditions

What happened to the German parilament and civil liberties after Hitler took power

He dissolved parliament, declared Nazi Reich (empire0, became dictator, suspended freedom of press and assembly

Under the Nazi Reich, what aspects of life did the state rule

Economic, social, poltical, miltary and culture, communications (postal, telegraph, telephone) were no longer private

What did Hitler Promise to restore for the German people

National Pride, by making Germany the leading nation on Earth

What three speific actions did Hitler use to capture the attention of his audience?

1. Refusing to recongize the Treaty of Versailles

2. Rebuilding the armed forces and reclaiming lost territories

3. Restoring the superioty of the Aryan Race (Blonde with blue eyes)

According to Nazi ideology, who were considered the Aryan Race

White Europeans, specifically Germanic or Nordic as the pureset examples

What were the four common propaganda techniques used by ultranationalists

1. Name calling- labeling opponents (terroists) to cause anger

2. Euphemisms- using words to hide true meaning (concentration camp to cover death camp)

3. Repected Symbols: using flags to appeal to existing beleifs and values

4. Appealing to fear- persuading people to support specific actions through insecurity

What were the conditions in Germany post WWI

The Treaty of Versailes was damaging, governments were unstable, and the country faced extreme inflation, unemployment and starvation

How did Hitler change the government after being elected in 1933

He dissolved parliament, declared himself dictator of the Nazi Reich and suspended freedom of the press and private communications.

How was education used to promote Ultranationalism

Students were taught Nazi values and shielded from challenging ideas. History books were rewritten to glorify Germany’s past (univerisity through Elementary)

What was the action against the un-German spirit

In the summer of 1933, ultranationalist university students burned books that didnt align with Nazi Ideology

What was Kristallanacht (Night of the broken glass)

A night where Nazi thugs destroyed Jewish synagogues, bussineses, and homes. Jewish people were beaten and cemteries were descreated

Name three things taken away from Jewish people by Hitler’s government

They could not own property, expelled from schools/universitys, could not be doctors or lawyers, and were forribidden from owning cars or having a drivers liscence

What is appeasement

Giving into an agressors demands in hopes of avoiding conflict

Which territory did allied forces allow Hitler to take in 1938

The Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia

What event officially maked the start of WWII

Hitler’s invasion of Poland on Sept 1, 1939. Britain and France declared war two days later on Sept 3.

How do extreme nationalists use propaganda

To manipulate human emotions of fear and insecurity to persuade people to behave a certain way

What was the primary goal of appealing to people’s fears in propaganda

to try to make them support a particular action

What territories did Hitler remiltiarize or reunite with in 1936 and 1938

Remilatrized Rhineland (1936) and united with Austria (1938)

Why didn’t the USA get involved in 1936

They were going through an isloationist phase and didn't want to be in another European war

What did Hitler realize as he broke Treaty of Versailles conditions

That breaking the conditions had no consequnces for him.

What was the League of Nations purpose and power

Formed after WWI to maintain peace, could order invaders to leave, impose sanctions, or use force (though memebers were not required to provide troops)

what happened during the Ethiopia crisis of 1935-1936

Mussolini ordered Italian troops to invade. Haile Selassie went to the League to help but countries ignored the trade sanctions and Ethiopia recieved no international support.

What is Isolationism

Avoiding involvement in foregin wars and international poltics

Why did the US move towards Isolationism during the 1930s

Due to the great depression and tragic memories of WWI

Where did the US continue to protect its intrests despite its isolationism regarding Europe and Asia

Latin America

What was the imapct of American Isolationsim on agressive nations llike Germany, Italy and Japan

They faced less opposition which helped Ultranationlism and expansionism grow

What Sequence of events led from WWI to WWII

WWI→ Treaty of Versailles→ German, Italian, Japanese Expansion→ Great Depression→ French and British Appeasement→ American Isolationism→ WWII

How do nations identify their needs

By identifying “Nation’s goals and persuit of national intrests that shape foreign policies

What is Nationlist Rivalry

When nationalism increases tensions between countries as they persue conflicting intrests

Nationalist Rivalry involiving France and Germany

France wanted Alsace- Lorraine back from Germany

What was Russia’s intrest in the Balkans

Russia supported Slavic independence in the Balkans from Austria- Hungary

What were Germany’s goals as a newer nation (post 1871)

To become a major power with colonies and a strong navy to rival Britain

What does “Foreign Policy” consist of during the interwar years

Differnt “tools” and strategies (not just diplomacy) used by nations to protect their intrests

Tools:

1. Treaties

2. Diplomacy

3. Aid

4. Military Force

5. Tarrifs and Trade

6. Non-gov organizations

What was peak period success for Germany

January to July 1942

What was the loss ratio during the German peak sucess period

400 Allied ships sunk vs obly 7 U-boats lost

How many ships and personnel did Canada have by the end of the war

6 ocean going ships and 3500 personnel

How many ships and personell did Canada have by the end of the war

434 ships and 95,000 personaell mixed of both men and women

What was the status of Canada’s navy globally by the end of the war

Largest navy in the world

What was the primary role of Canadain Industry during this time

Building naval strengh and rapidly increasing shipyard production

How many merchant ships did Canada produce

403

How many fighting ships did Canada produce

281

How many landing craft were built by the Canadain shipyards

3,302

How many minesweepers and tugs were produced (combined)

460 (206 minesweepers and 254 tugs)

What was the longest battle of WWI

The Battle of The Atlantic (6 years Sept 1939- May 1945)

Why was control of the Atlantic crucial

For transporting troops and supplies between North America and Europe

What was the primary goal of the allies

To keep supply lines open and ensure the steady delivery of men and materials

What was Germany’s main objective

Disrupt and cut off Allied supply lines to prevent resources from reaching Europe

How did Germany primarily attack transport ships

Using sumbarines (U-boats) and warships

What were German Wolfpacks

Groups of submarines attacking together- highly effective against Allied convoys

How much did the U-Boat fleet grow during the war

30 to 300 submarines

How many tons of shipping were lost in June 1941

454,000 tons largely due to Wolfpack attacks

What was the battle of the Atlantic

The longest conitinous miltary campagin of WWII (1939-1945). It was a struggle for control of the Atlantic shipping lanes, where allied convoys (protected by the Royal Canadain Navy) fought German U-Boats (Wolfpacks) to ensure troops and supplies reached Europe.

When was the United Nations (UN) created

After WWII

What was the main reason for creating the UN

To maintain peace and prevent future wars following the destruction of WWII

What were early UN actions primarily focused on

Observation only

Which 1956 event marked a shift to move active UN peacekeeping

The Suez Canal Crisis

Why did Canada support global peace efforts

They believe it benifited their national intrest

How important was peacekeeping to Canada’s foregin policy

Major part of their foriegn policy

By 2007, in how many missions had Canada participated

60+ missions

Who controlled Japan prior to WWII

Military leaders

What extreme ideas did Japan’s military leaders push

Ultranationalism

What were the Japanese taught about their status compared to others

Superior to others

What was Japan’s divine mission

expand territory and rule Asia driven by the belief that they were superior to others

What three things were students taught to value in education

Idealizing the past, pride in race and culture, and obideience/ duty above al

How did Japan view Western ideas and Culture

They were rejected

What countrys ideas were praisied by ultranationalist Japan

Nazi Germany

What were the top priorities regarding military focus

Miliatarism and national defence

What three traits were young people taught to embody

Obidience without question, glorifying victory, showing little fear of death

How did Japan’s economy change after WWI

Agriculture and Industry grew and exports to Europe and the US increased

What was the impact of the Great Depression on Japan

Imports were reduced to protect the economy and exports dropped significantly

Why did Japanese farmers suffer during the Depression

Half depended on silk production, demand for the luxury product fell causing a loss of income

What happened during the Food crisis of 1932

The rice crop failed leading to a famine

What did Ultranationalists in Japan want before WWII

To remove democracy, create a one- party state, and put the military in control

when and how did Tojo Hideki rise to power

In 1941, he became Prime Minister establishing a military dictatorship he was also an agressive ultranationalist.

What were Tojo Hideki’s beliefs for Japan

He believed Japan should use miltary strength to expand and dominate Asia

Who were the primary targets of internment in Canada during WWI

People from '“enemy countries” (Germany and Austria- Hungary), specifically many Ukrainain Canadains.

How many people were interned during WWI

8,579 people in 24 different camps

What restrictions were placed on the 80,000 Ukrainains not interned in WWI

They had to carry ID papers and report regulary to the authorities

What happened to Japanese Canadains in 1942

They were forcibly relocated from within 160km of the Pacific Coast to camps in BC interior or the praries