historical overview of media and information (mod #2)

🍂

information revolution

profound changes involving new means of communication that permanently affect entire societies & have shaken political structures, influenced economic dev't, communal act & personal behavior

1st revolution (writing)

6 INFORMATION REVOLUTIONS:

production: phonetic alphabet

distribution: papyrus

social/economic/political condition: trade routes around Mediterranean made recordings happen

2nd revolution (printing)

6 INFORMATION REVOLUTIONS:

production: Gutenberg’s movable type printing system

distribution: paper

social/economic/political condition: renaissance, humanism, reformation, mercantilism, end of feudal age & start of literacy

3rd revolution (mass media)

6 INFORMATION REVOLUTIONS:

production: rotary press, telegraph, photography

distribution: newspapers (for 2 cents), daily circulation, & magazines

social/economic/political condition: advertising, independent revolution, rise of democracy & capitalism

4th revolution (entertainment)

6 INFORMATION REVOLUTIONS:

production: phonograph, camera

distribution: radio, movie theaters

social/economic/political condition: escape from reality during the Great Depression

5th revolution (toolshed home)

6 INFORMATION REVOLUTIONS:

production: radio station, TV station

distribution: TV, radio, video tapes, modem, phone, computer, cable, satellite dish

social/economic/political condition: radio & TV became a must-have esp. during WW2

6th revolution (information highway)

6 INFORMATION REVOLUTIONS:

production: web, programming language (hypertext)

distribution: internet, click-computers

social/economic/political condition: WFH, from home

True

TRUE OR FALSE:

Information revolution involves dynamic & mutual response of tech changes in production and distribution of information and socioeconomic conditions (2 side of same coin).

social dysfunction

_______ _______ has resulted from mass communication due to less F2F communication and group activities.

156, 185, 4, 90%

JOURNALISTIC KILLINGS:

____ slain from 1992-2018

____ killed since 1986

____ killed since BBM reign (‘22-’23)

____ of these killed reported on corruption & criminal syndicates

umalohokan

PRECOLONIAL PERIOD (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

they served as the announcer of important news such as new laws or policies enacted by the town’s chieftain

baybayin & scribbles on trees, leaves and bamboo tubes using saps of trees as ink

PRECOLONIAL PERIOD (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

this was the writing system back then

Del Superior Govierno

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

1st newspaper est. in 1811 & brings news about Spain to Spaniards

La Esperanza

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

1st daily news est. 1844 for Spanish elite

El Ilocano

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

1st regional news est. in 1893

El Hogar

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

1st publication for and by women est. 1893

La Solidaridad

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

est. by ilustrados in Europe

Ang Kalayaan

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

official news of Katipunan & published in 1898 w/ Emilio Jacinto as editor;

only one issue was published, but historians agree that the Katipunan’s growth from 300 to 30,000 was the publication which published Andres Bonifacio’s 2 famous poems

The Manila Times (1898), Manila Daily Bulletin (1900), & Philippine Free Press (1908)

AMERICAN OCCUPATION PERIOD (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

these are American & pro-American English newspapers that were published

El Renacimiento and El Nuevo Dia

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

nationalist news publishing about abuses of American gov't but were threatened w/ suspension;

this were written in Spanish

Sakdal

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

Tagalog newspaper which attacked American imposed taxes & abusive capitalists;

copies were shared & readings were done for illiterate citizens

postwar/golden, freest in Asia

________ ERA/_____ AGE (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

Philippine press was known as “_____ in _____”;

most news were wholly or partly owned by businesses

Marcos Regime

HISTORY OF PH MEDIA:

what era was it when gov’t owned info. infrastructure was prevalent

• National Media Production Center

• Malacañang Press Office

• Public Information Offices

Hans Menzi, Enrique Romualdez, Martin Romualdez

UNDER MARCOS REGIME (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

Manila Bulletin: owned by Marcos’ top military aide ____ ____;

Philippine Daily Express: owned by Imelda's cousin _____ _____;

Times Journal, People's Journal, Peoples Tonight: ownedby ____ ______

September 1972

UNDER MARCOS REGIME (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

On this month, the Presidential secretary & National Defense took over all forms of media that disseminate “false, vile, foul pictures and are used by “lawless elements”.

• legal rest

• indescriminate libel cases

• coordination of gov't press agencies w/ editors

• written guidelines /taboo topics

• military interference/illegal incarceration of journalists

5 ways Marcos controlled PH media

mosquito press

UNDER MARCOS REGIME (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

term Marcos used to refer to alternative press because it’s similar to an insect whose sting is annoying but not deadly and can easily be swatted.

UPD’s Philippine Collegian, UPLB’s The Perspective, ADMU’s Pandayan, PLM’s Ang Hasik

UNDER MARCOS REGIME (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

give 4 examples of campus publications (university and newspaper name)

alternative media

UNDER MARCOS REGIME (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

this nurtured the democratic freedom-loving spirit of the silent majority

Radio Veritas

UNDER MARCOS REGIME (HISTORY OF PH MEDIA):

this Catholic Church’s radio station, _____ ____ was made available for Aquino’s campaign;

Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin also used the radio station to urge the people to form a barricade and rally on the streets to protect the rebels, which led to the People Power Revolution

Post-Marcos Years

HISTORY OF PH MEDIA:

in this era, there was a return to tradition of American colonial newspapers featuring commercial ads & media ownership was limited to the business elite;

rise of oligarchs

print

MEDIA COMPARISONS:

barely 1/10 Filipinos read newspaper everyday

radio

MEDIA COMPARISONS:

2nd most used media; FM (music) & AM (news and public affairs

TV

MEDIA COMPARISONS:

most used & most trusted media dominated by ABS-CBN and GMA

1st

DIGITAL LANDSCAPE:

Philippines ranks ____ in the world in terms of time spent on social media.

False; it HAS

TRUE OR FALSE:

Social media has not become a new arbiter of truth & factuality and is a setting for trial by publicity as well.

digital landscape

This is the current situation of PH media:

• Satire news are presented in a format typical o mainstream journalism but its content is distinguishable as untrue

• SMS uprise (Errap ousted)

• rethinking journalism contests

• from Breaking News/ATM/Just In, an erratum/clarification can be done
  as well

• Twitter journalism

  • fosters imagined community

  • surveys info from various sources

  • memorializes an event for ritualization

• gatekeeping, gatecrashing, gatewatching

• fake news

• public intellectuals (ex. influencers)

• Senate Bill No. 1492 (Anti-Fake News)

• echo chambers

• communicative capitalism

communicative capitalism

UNDER DIGITAL LANDSCAPE:

use of internet—social media in particular—creates a fantasy of democratic participation for users who unwittingly & unknowingly produce contributions that are actually traced as proprietary resource for capitalist accumulation

gatekeeping

UNDER DIGITAL LANDSCAPE:

in traditional journalism, journalists are required to have their content approved by their editors who act as _________ and decide what is newsworthy and what is the truth

gatewatching

UNDER DIGITAL LANDSCAPE:

gather information from sources on social media and decide the truth for themselves based on their own opinion;

used by citizen journalists

gatecrashing

UNDER DIGITAL LANDSCAPE:

proactive, often confrontational, efforts of non-traditional media actors—such as citizen journalists, bloggers, and users—to bypass the traditional editorial filters (the "gates") of mainstream media to directly inject alternative viewpoints