Hesi A2 Biology

Which movement requires carrier protein but no direct cellular energy?

Facilitated transport

What denotes the movement of glucose molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration?

Active transport

What does plasmolysis describe?

Cellular shrinkage, which occurs when cells are immersed in hypertonic solution.

What is the term for the movement of substances from lesser concentration to higher concentration?

Active transport

Which structure is present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Cell membrane

How do plant cells differ from animal cells?

Plant cells have a cell wall; animal cells do not.

What cell type lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

Prokaryotic cell

What organelle is referred to as a 'suicide bag' due to its hydrolytic enzymes?

Lysosomes

What is the process of enclosing a liquid substance in a membrane and taking it into the cell called?

Pinocytosis

What is the term for a membrane that selectively allows substances to enter and leave a eukaryotic cell?

Selectively permeable

What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls?

Microtubules and microfilaments.

Which organelles provide energy supply to eukaryotic cells?

Chloroplasts and mitochondria.

With which organelle is ATP synthesis associated?

Mitochondria.

What is the basic unit of living organisms?

Cell.

What is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane called?

Osmosis.

What process do carbon dioxide and water undergo under light influence in green plants?

Photosynthesis.

What is a protein substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction called?

Enzyme.

What are amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the body termed?

Essential amino acids.

What is the body's continuous response to external and internal changes called?

Homeostasis.

What defines the ability of a cell to reproduce?

Mitosis.

What part of the cell is necessary for reproduction?

Nucleus.

What are proteins made of?

Amino acids.

What term describes the energy release from an ATP molecule?

It is released when the terminal phosphate group is released.

What phase in the cell cycle allows the cell to perform its unique functions?

Interphase.

What do chromatids, chromosomes, and chromatin all contain?

DNA.

What is the structure that stores spermatozoa during maturation in the male reproductive system?

Epididymis.

What hormones stimulate a chemical response by diffusing through the cell membrane?

Fat-soluble hormones.

Which organelle is expected in a cell that detoxifies multiple molecules?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

What type of cell contains an unusually high proportion of mitochondria?

Heart muscle cell.

What is the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism known as?

Metabolism.

How do asexual and sexual reproduction differ?

Asexual reproduction results in identical cells; sexual reproduction results in variation.

Why is mitosis important for cells?

It produces cells for growth and repair of body tissue.

If 72 chromosomes undergo meiosis, how many chromosomes will be in each gamete?

What is the sequence showing how information transforms to make a protein?

DNA-RNA-protein.

What describes the gene in which one allele differs from another?

Heterozygous.