HBS EOC 2026

diagram of skeleton

Joint movement: rotation, circumduction

• rotation- synovial joints, allows bone to turn around its axis

• circumduction- combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

Joint movement: Abduction, adduction

ab- away from middle

ad- toward middle

Joint movement: depression, elevation

depression- down

elevation- up

Joint movement: Flexion, extension, hyperextension

flexion- flexing, decreasing angle

extention- extending, adding to angle

hyperextension- over extending the natural anatomy

Joint movement: plantar flexion, dorsiflexion

plantar- pointing

dorsiflexion- flexing foot

Fibrous Joint

immovable or slightly movable connections between bones

synovial joint

most common and movable joint

cartilaginous joint

• connections between bones united entirely by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage (spine)

Joint movement: pivot

rotational movement around a single axis

Joint movement: hinge

flexion and extension movement

Joint movement: saddle

allow for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction. (wrist)

Joint movement: plane

small sliding movement

Joint movement: condyloid

thumb

ball and socket

shoulder

osteoclasts vs osteoblasts