CSEC Social Studies - Section B: Sustainable development and use of resources

Balance Of Payments

an accounting record of all the financial transactions between one country and the rest of the world

Climate Change

a long term alteration of established weather patterns

Common Market

the first stage toward a single market

Consumer Durables

consumer goods intended to last for a number of years

Consumer Goods

goods available to the consumer in the form in which they are intended to be used

Credit

deferred payment of a debt, often used for a major purchase

Dependency Ratio

the ratio of the number of dependent people in a society to the number of economically active people

Disposable Income

that part of a person's income available after tax

Dumping

a form of predatory pricing. The term is usually used when a foreign country seeks to sell subsidized goods into a local market at prices that local producers are unable to compete with

Economic Leakage

when foreign exchange earnings from an industry return to individuals or companies overseas

Economic Link

when the output of one industry becomes an input for another

Excursionist

a person who visits a place but sleeps away from the destination

Fiscal

public revenue

Fiscal Policy

government policy for managing public revenues

Floating Voters

those voters not aligned to a particular party

Food security

the ability of a population to feed itself

Gerrymandering

unfairly manipulating the boundaries of a constituency in order to secure a disproportionate influence for a particular party

Gross Domestic Product

the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.

Hung Parliament

when no major political party has an absolute majority of seats in a parliament

Inflation

a sustained increase in the general price of goods and services

Infrastructure

permanent installations that support a large whole or organisation

Intellectual Property

the ownership of the ideas in a creator's mind that become creative or artistic works of visual or performance art

International Currency

a currency in which many international transactions are carried out

International Reserves

a country's stock of international currencies

Justice Of The Peace

a lay magistrate, appointed to keep the peace and to mediate in some cases to avoid them going to court

Marginal Seat

a constituency where a member of parliament only has a small minority and may therefore lose their seat in an election

Monetary Policy

policies to control the supply of money in a country, with a view to managing inflation or economic growth

Political Party

a political organization that seeks to further political ideology, and to influence government policies by having party members elected to political office and, ultimately, by forming a government

Protectionist

an economic policy of restraining trade between nations in an attempt to reduce imports or to avoid foreign domination of a sector of the economy or the takeover of domestic companies

Referendum

a chance for all eligible people to vote on a particular issue

Regionalism

a political ideology focusing on the interests of a particular region

Resource

something that can be accessed, used and developed to satisfy wants and needs

Safe Seat

in an election, a constituency where a sitting member of parliament has a large majority

Securities

a financial instrument that has economic value, such as bonds, stocks or certificates

Single Market

a trade bloc with a free trade area and free movement of goods, services, labour and capital

Sustainable Development

developing a country's economy, industries, infrastructure and services in a manner that means they will last over a long period of time without rapidly depleting the necessary resources

Trade Liberalisation

trade policies that allow for trade across national boundaries without government interference

Trading Bloc

institutions of a number of countries sharing economic and political aims, achieved through shared trading practices

Push Factors

low wages,

limited educational,

recreational and cultural facilities,

crime and violence,

lack of jobs,

religious persecution,

lack of modern infrastructure

Pull factors

access to food,

modern infrastructure,

availability of jobs,

social and cultural amenities and facilities,

educational opportunities

Types Of Unemployment

Cyclical (a downturn of economic activity),

Seasonal,

Casual,

Normal,

Structural (fall in demand of a particular product), Technological

Factors Influencing Population Distribution

the relief of the land,

climate,

agricultural land,

location of mineral resources,

developed areas,

types of vegetation

Sources Of Population Statistics

national census,

registrar's office,

religious institution's records

Types Of Population Statistics

age,

sex,

ethnicity,

educational achievement,

employment,

socioeconomic circumstances

Use Of Population Statistics

housing,

healthcare,

education,

employment,

social welfare,

infrastructure development

The Need For Developing Human Resources

productive workers,

creative and critical thinking,

problem solving skills,

positive values and attitudes,

sports,

culture

Primary Healthcare

public education on diseases,

promotion of good nutritional practices,

immunization,

environmental sanitation,

safe drinking water,

dental and vision care,

care for elderly,

recreational facilities,

pre and post natal care

Secondary Healthcare

hospitals,

diagnosis of diseases,

referrals to specialized services,

administration of medication,

treatment,

therapy,

counselling,

quarantine and rehabilitation services

Functions Of Education

prepares people to function effectively,

meet challenges of society,

facilitates the continuous development of literacy,

numeracy and technical skills,

preserves, transmits and transforms cultural norms, contributes to an individual's intellectual, physical, sociocultural, emotional and spiritual development,

prepares individuals for a world of work,

facilitates upward social mobility,

facilitates the development of life skills

Types Of Education

basic education,

moral education,

vocational training,

adult education,

rehab education

Preparing For The World Of Work

collecting job information,

listing and assessing available options,

working out the consequences

Natural Resources In The Caribbean

limestone, bauxite, gypsum, petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, gold, asphalt, marble, agricultural land, marine life, water, forests, beaches

Improper Practices In

marine life: overfishing, disposal of sewage. rivers and wetlands: careless disposal of garbage, toxic waste dumping, farm chemicals. beaches: sand mining

Major Challenges Facing The Caribbean

small economies,

underdeveloped,

lacking human resources,

unemployment and underemployment,

migration,

debt burden,

shortage of capital,

low productivity,

limited resources,

lack of diversification,

inadequate technology,

ineffective transport,

natural disasters

The Road To Regional Integration

West Indies Federation, Caribbean Free trade Association, CARICOM, Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, Association of Caribbean States, CARICOM Single Market Economy

OECS Secretariat

located in St. Lucia

CARICOM Secretariat

the principle administrative organ of the community. Headed by the secretary general, deputy secretary general and general counsel, and the directorates of foreign and community relations, human and social development and trade and economic integration.

The Conference Of Heads Of Government

the supreme organ of the Community, determining and providing policy direction and also the final authority in finalizing treaties and establishing the basis for regional and international relationships

Factors Promoting Regional Integration

common language, common history and cultural heritage, globalization, trade liberalization, trading blocs

Benefits Of Regional Integration

reduction of unemployment and underemployment, better response to implications of globalization and trade liberalization, improvements in the quality of life, reduction in the inequality of wealth distribution, free movement of goods, labour and capital, increased market size, improved levels of international competitiveness, expansion of trade

Barriers Of Regional Integration

geography, absence of common development model, different stages of growth, competition, absence of common currency, unequal resource distribution, lack of product diversity, influence of multinational corporations

Role Of Citizens In Facilitating The Integration Process

entrepreneurship, supporting regional producers, showing solidarity to regional fellow citizens, investing in local businesses, being informed

Role Of Businesses In Facilitating The Integration Process

improving competitiveness, increasing range and quality of products, providing opportunities for investment and employment

Role Of Government In Facilitating The Integration Process

enacting enabling legislation, harmonizing policies, honouring protocols, educating citizens about the objectives and benefits of integration

Regional Agencies

Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute, West Indies Cricket Board, Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association of Football, OECS Sports Desk, Caribbean Public Health Agency, Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency, Caribbean Media Corporation, UWI, CXC, CCJ, Regional Security System