Community ATI

West Nile Virus Prevention

Eliminate standing water weekly to prevent transmission

• transmitted through blood, breast milk, or organ transplantation

Smallpox Transmission

Direct contact with bodily fluids, contaminated objects; Inhalation of droplets, bedding, blood,

• Appears on FACE

Mortuary Workers

Receive prophylaxis immunization due to smallpox exposure risk

RSV Transmission

Spread through respiratory secretions

Measles Incubation

Lasts 10-20 days; Isolate child for 4-5 days after rash

Report positive contracted measles child to STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT

Varicella Precautions

Airborne precautions, negative pressure room, N95 masks, designated stethoscope, prescription for antipyretic

Rotavirus Symptoms

Fever, vomiting, watery diarrhea; Peaks in winter

Influenza Type A Outbreak

Administer antivirals to affected clients

Scabies Outbreak

Determine incidence rate as the first action

• Incidence rates: determine the numbers of NEW cases of scabies in the community for comparison to prior incidence data in order to monitor for an increase)

Tuberculosis Administration

Inject at a 5-15 degree angle, 0.1 ml PPD on inner forearm, wheal is 6 mm in diameter

• Household members take isoniazid for 6 months

Pertussis Transmission

Airborne droplets; Keep child with pertussis home for 2 weeks

• encourage family to take prophylactic treatment

• check immunization status of child’s classmates

Anthrax Virus

Infects skin, GI tract, or lungs; Treated with antibiotics

• Antibiotics for 60 days

• immunization is given in a 6 month dose series

• first stage symptoms: flu symptoms

Meningococcal Vaccine

Recommended for crowded areas like dorms

• given 8 weeks and older

Hepatitis A Prevention

Spread through oral-fecal route; Avoid sharing towels and sex

• clean bathroom fixtures with chlorine

Hepatitis C Transmission

Through blood and bodily fluids; High carb, calorie diet recommended

Pathogens

Vector, pathogen, reservoir, and susceptible host definitions

Vector: mode of transmission for the disease

Pathogen: microorganism that causes the infection

Reservoir: Environment where the pathogen can survive the reservoir

Ciprofloxacin

Antibiotic for skin infections; Avoid antacids, caffeine, dairy, sun exposure

Community Health Needs

Identify prevalent health issues in the community

Public Health Core Functions

Policy development, assessment, assurance

Policy development: updating local policies to support community health efforts

Assessment: investigating local health hazards

Assurance: ensuring competence of healthcare workforce, collaborating w/ community agencies to improve availability of services

Disaster Preparedness

Public health nurse should know multiple language areas in the community

Comorbidity

Presence of multiple diseases or health conditions

Somatization Disorder

Psychiatric condition with physical complaints

What health care is absent in rural setting

Tertiary care: Specialist care obtained after referral from primary provider

• Specialist provide tertiary care and work in large medical centers

Clinical depression

Persistent state of sadness

disturbed self esteem

hopelessness

Examples of secondary prevention (Early detection of a health problem)

• provide employers handouts on recognizing pesticide toxicity

• create handouts on identifying skin cancer in multiple languages

• report suspected child neglect

• recognizing and reporting suspected maltreatment to the appropriate protective services

Emergency Treatment

Immediate actions in emergency situations —> airway, breathing, circulatory status.

• unstable clients are priority

Triage nurse responsibilities

• Priority is assessment and control of client flow

• fostering positive public relations for the facility

• performing a comprehensive client assessment

• preventing cross-contamination of infectious client

what blocks the thyroid uptakes of radioactive iodine

Potassium iodide blocks thyroid uptake. Reduce the risk of thyroid cancer

HIV Exposure

Prophylactic medications for prevention —> 4 weeks to prevent virus from replicating

• client returns for testing at 4-6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months

Respite Care

Provides temporary relief for family caregivers

Growth failure: Protein deficit

• Thin limbs

• protuberant abdomen

• dry and dull hair

Suicide Risk

Older adult males aged 75-90 at higher risk

Developmental Tasks of adolescents (12-18)

Identity vs role confusion

• preoccupied with their changing bodies and how their bodies appear to others

Smoking in Pregnancy (associated risks for infants

• Infant developmental delays

• premature birth

• low birth weight

• sudden infant death syndrome

• bronchitis

• pneumonia

Therapies

Tai Chi, naturopathic medicine, magnet therapy, progressive relaxation therapy

Prevalence rate VS Prevalence proportion

Prevalence rate: number of old and new cases of a specified disease or condition existing at a particular time within a given population

Prevalence proportion: calculated by using the number of people who were affected at a given time and the total population

Demographic Data as part of community assessment

• Racial distribution

• martial information

• population density

• death and birth rates

Barriers to Healthcare in rural areas

Unavailability of outreach services

Education for rural community (farm workers)

• provide environmental health info

• refer the client for TB screening

• provide skin cancer info

• recommended dental health screening

  • occupational health risks: Respiratory disorders, dermatitis, dental problems, stress and anxiety

Alcohol Use Disorders

Naltrexone daily for treatment

Opiate Withdrawal

Buprenorphine treatment for 9-12 months

Tracheostomy Care

• Use tap water to clean inner cannula

• use a square knot to secure tracheostomy ties

• leave old ties in place until new ones are secured to prevent displacement

• fold 4 inch by 4 gauze dressing before placing it at the site

Community-Oriented Approach

consult with local school nurse to schedule yearly vision screenings for students

Community based approached

• Teach a client who has vision loss about safety in the home environment, provide genetic counseling to the family of a newborn has has congenital cataracts, develop a plan of care for a client who has newly diagnosed with glaucoma)

Violence

• I should determine whether a client who has been sexually assaulted requires a rape kit

• develop a safety plan

• document the name of the person the client accuses of the violence in the medical record

• assess for violence every visit

  • Partner violence risks: client states they are leaving their partner

Vaccines in Pregnancy

TDAP

• NOT herpes zoster, varicella, MMR

Types of Therapy

Acupuncture, palliative care, Affective domain of learning, cognitive domain of learning

Preparedness phase

provide disaster training to school personnel

Prevention phase

identifying potential hazards

Response phase

Provide hands on care, coordinating first aid response team, serve as counselor to those in needs

Recovery phase

Serving as a liaison between resources and those in need

Failure to thrive: Chronic hypoxemia

• Clubbed nail beds

• polycythemia

  • failure to thrive

Anemia

Pallor

fatigue

weakness

Incidence rate

• Number of new cases of a specific disease or condition within a specific population over a specific period of time

Rural community

Health care providers have greater independence and work more autonomy in providing client care

• residents are no less likely to be interested in health promotion than members of urban communities

• rural residents rely on community networks for support

Rinne test

• compares air conduction and bone conduction of sound

  • after I place this tuning fork behind your ear, tell me when you no longer hear the sound

Weber’s test

• evaluates lateralization of sound

  • tuning fork on scalp, tell me if you hear the sound better in one ear or the same in both ears