Adult Development - Exam 3

A variety of services designed to meet a person’s health or personal care needs over a short or long period when they cannot perform everyday activities independently.

Long-term care

A range of long-term care services from least support (home-based care) to highest support (nursing homes).

Continuum of care

List the continuum of care from least → most support.

1. Home-based care

2. Adult day services

3. Assisted living

4. Nursing homes (skilled nursing facilities)

Daytime programs providing support, supervision, social activities, and sometimes healthcare for older adults.

Adult day services

Purpose of adult day services

To delay placement into full-time care facilities and support both caregivers and care recipients.

Benefits of adult day services

Physical activity, cognitive stimulation, socialization, routine, independence, reduced psychotropic medication use.

Benefits of adult day services for caregivers

Reduced burden, time for work/obligations, emotional relief.

Care provided at home by family, aides, transportation services, volunteers, and meal programs.

Home-based long-term care

Residential facility providing help with daily activities but less medical care than nursing homes.

Assisted living

Residential facility providing help with daily activities but less medical care than nursing homes.

Nursing home (skilled nursing facility)

When is nursing home care typically used?

As a last resort when needs exceed home and assisted living support.

Why are nursing home placements often delayed?

Families wait until a crisis (e.g., hospitalization or safety incident).

An alternative to traditional nursing homes with small, home-like settings and person-centered care.

Green House Project

Key features of the Green House Project?

Small number of residents, home-like environment, central kitchen/dining, skilled nursing access.

The Green House Project reflects what movement?

The culture change movement.

A shift toward person-centered, individualized care that promotes autonomy and quality of life.

The culture change movement

What type of grandparenting is linked to the best outcomes?

Non-custodial grandparenting.

How does custodial grandparenting affect health?

Associated with increased stress and declines in physical and psychological health.

What happens to social network size with age?

Decreases.

What happens to relationship quality with age?

Improves or remains stable.

Why do older adults have better relationship quality?

They become more selective and prioritize meaningful relationships.

Young adults who return to live with their parents after moving out.

“Boomerang Kids”

Common reasons for boomerang kids?

Cost of living, student debt, economic instability, changing social norms.

About what percentage of adults are single at some point?

About 50%.

Living together in an intimate relationship without being married.

Cohabitation

Trend in age at first marriage?

Increasing.

Middle-aged adults caring for both children and aging parents.

Sandwich generation

Effects of the sandwich generation on marriage?

Lower marital satisfaction due to stress and competing demands.

How does retirement affect marital satisfaction?

Often increases shortly after retirement.

How does caregiving affect marital satisfaction?

Decreases due to stress and loss of companionship.

How does relationship quality affect caregiving?

High-quality relationships buffer negative mental health effects.

Increasing trend of divorce among older adults.

Gray divorce

Effects of divorce on women vs. men?

Women → more financial impact; Men → more social impact.

What is widowhood associated with?

Increased depressive symptoms over time.

Why is retirement hard to define?

No single definition—varies by work status, income, and self-perception.

Withdrawal from the labor force in some capacity.

Retirement

When is retirement beneficial for health? Harmful for health?

When voluntary, with good health, finances, and social support; When involuntary or due to health problems.

How do unemployed older adults commonly spend time?

Watching TV or being alone.

Grandparenting, volunteering, caregiving, part-time work, helping others.

Social engagement in retirement

Why is volunteering beneficial?

Provides purpose, social support, self-efficacy, and health benefits.

A program focused on comfort and quality of life for terminally ill individuals.

Hospice care

Where can hospice care be provided?

Home, hospital, or nursing home.

What is the primary goal of hospice?

Quality of life, not curing disease.

Care focused on relieving pain and symptoms rather than curing illness.

Palliative care

Where do most older adults prefer to die?

At home.

Which group reports the least fear of death?

Older adults.

The process of coping with the loss of a loved one.

Bereavement

What is the most common bereavement pattern?

Resilient bereavement.

Emotional response to loss before and after death.

Grief

People cope with loss through both emotional and practical adaptation.

Dual-Process Model

Emotional processing of grief.

Loss-oriented coping

Practical adjustments to grief (new roles, activities, relationships).

Restoration-oriented coping

A legal document outlining a person’s wishes for medical care if they cannot decide.

Advance directive

Two main components of an advance directive?

Living will and medical power of attorney.

Instructions for medical treatment if incapacitated.

Living will

A designated person to make medical decisions on your behalf.

Medical power of attorney