AP Euro Chapter 12

In early Renaissance Italy, art

manifested corporate power

What educational book by Baldassare Castiglione provided a treatise on training a young man in the discipline and fashion needed for the courtly ideal of being a gentleman?

The Courtier

On the Iberian Peninsula, who were the people referred to as the "New Christians"?

Jewish and Muslim converts

Who was the most prominent metalsmith who helped develop metal movable print?

Johannes Gutenberg

According to Machiavelli, government should be judged on whether it

provided order, security, and safety of the populace

According to Map 12.3: The Unification of Spain and the Expulsion of the Jews, Fifteenth Century, where did the Jewish population of the Spanish kingdom migrate to after their ordered expulsion by Isabella and Ferdinand?

Cities in the Mediterranean and southern Europe

What individuals believed the merging of Christian and classical traditions could provide reform for the church and deepen the spiritual lives of people?

Christian humanists

Italian humanists stressed the

study of the classics for what they could reveal about human nature

According to the text, Thomas More's Utopia was remarkable for its time because it asserted that

the problems plaguing society could be solved by a beneficent government

The following is an excerpt from sixteenth-century regulations for vineyard workers:

"Men who work in the vineyards, doing work that is skilled, are to be paid 16 pence per day; in addition, they are to receive soup and wine in the morning, at midday beer, vegetables and meat, and in the evening soup, vegetables and wine. Young boys are to be paid 10 pence per day. Women who work as haymakers are to be given 6 pence a day. If the employer wants to have them doing other work, he may make an agreement with them to pay them 7 or 8 pence. He may also give them soup and vegetables to eat in the morning but no wine—milk and bread at midday, but nothing in the evening."

This passage provides evidence in support of which of the following claims?

Women were the lowest paid vineyard workers.

"Assiduous in the science and skill of dealing with arms and horses and musical instruments, as well as in the pursuit of letters and the fine arts." Who authored this quote about his own important qualities?

Leon Battista Alberti

Which of the following best characterizes the Renaissance idea of virtù?

The ability to shape the world around oneself according to one's will

How did Pico della Mirandola understand the uniqueness of humankind?

Humans, lacking a fixed place, were the one part of the created world that could freely choose to rise to the heavens or sink into the realm of animals.

Why did a woman's work receive less compensation than a man's work during the Renaissance?

It was understood that a woman was either married or to be married and, therefore, not responsible for supporting a family.

What French word was coined by historian Giorgio Vasari to describe the "rebirth" of the culture of classical antiquity?

Renaissance

The most important factor in the emergence of the Italian Renaissance was the

Great commercial revival in Italy

The following is an excerpt from the Florentine merchant and historian Benedetto Dei's description of his home city:

"Our beautiful Florence contains within the city in this present year two hundred seventy shops belonging to the wool merchants' guild. . . eighty-three rich and splendid warehouses of the silk merchants' guild. . . . The number of banks amounts to thirty-three; the shops of the cabinet-makers, whose business is carving and inlaid work, to eighty-four. . . there are forty-four goldsmiths' and jewellers' shops."

What does this passage suggest about Florence?

That there was high demand for luxury items in the city

According to Map 12.1: The Italian City-States, ca. 1494, which European monarch invaded multiple Italian city-states in 1494?

Charles VIII of France

Which of the following was the most important source of patronage for Renaissance artists?

Wealthy individuals and rulers

What did Petrarch do to help bring about a new golden age in Italy?

He proposed a new kind of education.

Charles VII of France created the first __________________ anywhere in Europe.

permanent royal army

What Florentine artist was commissioned by Pope Julius II to build his tomb and paint the Sistine Chapel?

Michelangelo

Under Henry VII of England, the center of royal authority was

the royal council.

Most male Renaissance humanists argued that

women's sphere of activity was private and domestic.

Which of the following was one of the central components of the Italian Renaissance?

A glorification of individual genius

"[T]he city in this present year [contains] two hundred seventy shops belonging to the wool merchants' guild. . . eighty-three rich and splendid warehouses of the silk merchants' guild. . . . The number of banks amounts to thirty-three; the shops of the cabinet-makers, whose business is carving and inlaid work, to eighty-four. . . there are forty-four goldsmiths' and jewellers' shops." What city is Benedetto Dei describing in this quote?

Florence

The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile

created a dynastic union but did not unify the separate kingdoms into a single state.

Educated fifteenth-century Italians believed that

they were living in a new era of human history.

What role did the idea of "fate" play in Machiavelli's analysis in The Prince?

The most skilled and prepared ruler could not fully escape the operations of fate that might cause a prince to lose his realm.

On the Iberian Peninsula, what was the social position of African slaves?

They intermingled with the people they lived among and sometimes intermarried with them.

What purposes were served by sumptuary laws?

Sumptuary laws reinforced social hierarchies, attempted to impose moral standards, and sought to protect local industries.

Why did a unified Italian state fail to develop in the fifteenth century?

Political loyalty and feeling centered on a passionate attachment to the individual city-state.

The fall of ____________ to Christian forces in 1492 signaled the completion of the reconquista.

Granada

Which of the following gained control of papal banking toward the end of the thirteenth century?

Florentine merchants

_______________ led the way in the great commercial revival of the eleventh century.

Northern Italian cities

Which of the following inhibited women's success as painters in the Renaissance?

They could not work in public where the fresco technique was done

The Tudor Henry VII of England won broad, popular support by

promoting peace and social order at the local level

"Everyone gets a fair share, so there are never any poor men or beggars. Nobody owns anything, but everyone is rich—for what greater wealth can there be than cheerfulness, peace of mind, and freedom from anxiety? Instead of being worried about his food supply, upset by the plaintive demands of his wife, afraid of poverty for his son."

This quote (from Evaluating the Evidence 12.2) describes the ideal society depicted in what humanist's work?

Thomas More

Which of the following characterizes Girolamo Savonarola?

He came to power in Florence denouncing vice and corruption, but as people tired of his moral denunciations, he lost authority

Which of the following best defines the term race as it was used in the Renaissance?

Groupings of people based on ethnic, national, or religious factors

The Spanish conversos were which of the following?

Jewish Christians, some of whom held prominent positions in the state, church, and business

Piero della Francesca and Andrea Mantegna pioneered

perspective in painting.

Which of the following was a wealthy Florentine, the political leader of his city, and a patron of Renaissance artists?

Cosimo de Medici

Which of the following did Francesco Petrarch believe?

The recovery of classical texts would bring about a new golden age of intellectual achievement

The _____________ emerged as a distinct artistic genre during the Renaissance.

individual portrait

Which of the following characterizes the intersection of the hierarchies of wealth and orders in the Renaissance?

The nobility retained its status by taking in and integrating the new social elite of wealth.

What was the star chamber?

A court that dealt with noble threats to royal power in England

The Spanish Inquisition was an attempt to

root out insincere Jewish converts to Christianity

The Concordat of Bologna, between Francis I of France and Pope Leo X, gave the French monarch the authority to

select bishops and abbots

What new type of anti-Semitism emerged in fifteenth-century Spain?

Status as a Jew was defined as inherent in the blood, so Jews could never be true Christians.

Rich individuals sponsored artists and works of art

to glorify themselves and their families.

All of the following inhibited women's success as painters in the Renaissance except

women were not permitted to take up painting until after they were married.

How did the printing press provide a framework to challenge provincial sentiments?

individuals widely separated by geography could read the material and form a common identity that completed with local loyalties

The Renaissance courts of northern Italy particularly sought to include among their staff

black servants

Charles VII of France expanded his authority through all of the following except

eliminating nobles' militias and troops.

Castiglione's manual on gentlemanly conduct

suggested that gentlemen cultivate their abilities in a variety of fields, from athletics to music to art to mathematics

The northern Italian communes took all of the following forms except

some cities were under authority of the papacy, which ruled them as personal lands of the pope

How did the Tudor kings, with the exception of Henry VIII, weaken aristocratic influence?

They avoided major wars that would require money from Parliament

Italian balance-of-power diplomacy

was designed to prevent a single Italian state from dominating the peninsula

The subjugation of the Italian peninsula by outside invaders was

the result of the Italians' failure to coordinate a common defense

As consumer habits changed, an aristocrat's greatest expense was usually his

urban palace

Erasmus emphasized what two themes?

Education as the key to reform and Christianity as inner attitude of the heart

Why did the printing press find substantial success?

Increasing literacy and the opening of more schools and universities had created an expanding market for reading material

The term humanism, as used in the context of the Renaissance, refers to

the study of the Latin classics for moral education and insights into human nature

The Italian Renaissance began in

Florence

By 1300, most of the Italian city-states were ruled by either signori or

oligarchies

The Florentine Office of the Night was created to control

Homosexual activities (sodomy)

The leaders of the Catholic Church

readily adopted the Renaissance spirit, especially when it came to art