Types of Organic Reactions

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding different types of organic reactions, including their definitions, examples, and rules.

What type of reaction involves the addition of hydrogen gas to an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Hydrogenation

What do we call the reaction that involves the addition of a halogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Halogenation

What type of reaction produces an alkane from a saturated hydrocarbon when combined with a hydrogen halide?

Hydrohalogenation

What is the reaction called where water is added to an organic compound?

Hydration

Which rule helps predict the major product when asymmetrical reactions occur with alkenes?

Markovnikov's Rule

What is the reaction called where two molecules combine to form a single molecule, usually releasing water?

Condensation Reaction

In which type of reaction do atoms get removed from a molecule to form a double bond?

Elimination Reaction

Which reaction involves the oxidation of alcohols to yield aldehydes or ketones?

Oxidation Reaction

What type of reaction do carboxylic acids undergo to create esters?

Esterification Reaction

What type of reaction is described by a molecule being split by the addition of water?

Hydrolysis Reaction

What do we call the reduction process of aldehydes to produce primary alcohols?

Reduction Reaction

What type of compound is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol?

Ester

What is the main disadvantage of hydrogenation in the food industry?

Health problems, such as atherosclerosis.

What are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) commonly known as?

Freons

What type of hydrocarbons are involved in addition reactions?

Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes).

What happens when two moles of a reactant are added to an alkyne?

Produces an alkane.

What type of reaction occurs when a halogen replaces a hydrogen in an alkane?

Substitution Reaction

What is the product of the hydration of propene according to Markovnikov's Rule?

2-bromopropane.

Which acid acts as a catalyst in elimination reactions?

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

What are the common products of hydrolysis reactions involving esters?

Carboxylic acid and alcohol.

What defines an oxidation reaction in organic chemistry?

Formation of more bonds to oxygen or fewer bonds to hydrogen.

What do you get when a secondary alcohol is oxidized?

A ketone.

Which oxidation products can tertiary alcohols not yield?

Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized.

What type of reaction do acids undergo with bases?

Neutralization.

What are the initial reactants in a combustion reaction of an organic molecule?

An organic molecule and oxygen (O₂).

What is released in significant amounts during combustion reactions?

Energy (heat).