Growth and Development: Review of Erikson’s Stages and Related Child Health Issues

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from growth and development stages, related child health issues, and their nursing assessments.

Trust vs Mistrust

The developmental stage in infants (0-1 year) where trust is built through nurturing and care from caregivers.

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

The developmental stage for toddlers (1-3 years) focused on building self-esteem and independence, which may lead to shame if not achieved.

Initiative vs Guilt

The preschool age stage (3-6 years) where children develop initiative in play and decision-making but may feel guilt if overcontrolled.

Industry vs Inferiority

The school-age stage (6-12 years) where children gain skills and experience peer influence, leading to a sense of competence or feelings of inferiority if restricted.

Identity vs Identity Diffusion

The stage of adolescence (12-18 years) characterized by the exploration of personal values and beliefs, leading to identity formation or confusion.

Separation Anxiety

A common reaction in children to hospitalization, consisting of three stages: protest, despair, and detachment.

Protest Stage

The first phase of separation anxiety where children cry and reject others following a caregiver's absence.

Despair Stage

The second phase of separation anxiety characterized by withdrawal, apathy, and sadness when the child misses their caregiver.

Detachment Stage

The final phase of separation anxiety where the child forms coping mechanisms, may engage superficially with others, and ignores returning caregivers.

Failure to Thrive

A condition in infants and children marked by inadequate growth due to unmet nutritional needs.

Cerebral Palsy

A group of disorders affecting movement and muscle tone due to nonprogressive brain damage during development.

Spina Bifida Occulta

A type of neural tube defect where the defect in the vertebral bodies is not visible externally and has no protrusion of spinal structures.

Myelomeningocele

The most severe form of spina bifida where both meninges and spinal cord herniate through the defect, leading to neurological deficits.

Epiglottitis

An urgent inflammatory condition affecting the epiglottis, which can cause severe respiratory distress in children.

Asthma

A chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, duration of exacerbations, and reversible airflow limitation.