SAAT Biology Section 5.3 Vocabulary (Human Biology) - تحصيلي

Heart

Muscular organ that is about the size of your fist which tends a little to the left of the center of your chest

Pericardium

Fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart and pumps oxygenated blood to the body (it recieves deoxygenated blood from the body)

Number of chambers a human heart has

Four chambers

Right and left artium

The two chambers at the top half of the heart

Right and left artium importance

Recieve blood that is returning to the heart from the body and from the lungs

Right and left ventricles

Below the right and left atrium

Right and left ventricles importance

Pump blood away from the heart

Heart valves

Allows blood to flow in one direction

The thickness of the ventricle wall is more than

The atrium walls because it pumps the blood to the body

Pacemaker/sinotrial (SA) node

The heart works in a regular rhythm because of this group of cells located at the right atrium

Number of times a heart beats

70 times in one minute

Normal reading of blood pressure for a human adult

120/80

Blood pressure when contraction of the heart is occuring (systolic pressure)

120

Blood pressure when the heart is relaxed (diastolic pressure)

80

Blood

Made up of four compartments; plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets

Plasma

The clear, yellowish fluid portion of blood

Percentage of plasma in the blood

55%

Percentage of water in plasma

90%

Percentage of dissolved materials such as proteins in plasma

Around 10%

Plasma proteins that give plasma its yellow color

Albumin, group produced by white blood cells, fibrinogens

Albumin

Helps regulate the amount of water in blood, which is the most abundant

Group produced by white blood cells

Helps fight diseases such as immunoglobulins, produced by T and B cells

Fibrinogens

Helps form blood clots

Red blood cells

Carry oxygen to all the body’s cells

Shape of red blood cells

Donut shaped (biconcave)

Red blood cells have no

Nuclei

Life span of a red blood cell

120 days

What red blood cells consist of

Iron-containing protein called hemoglobin (it carries oxygen)

White blood cells’ role

Fight off pathogens

Platelets

Cell fragments that are important in forming blood clots by converting fibrinogen into fribrin which seals the wound

Blood groups

Classification of blood based on the presence or absense of inherited antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs)

Blood type A antibody

Antigen

Antibody: anti-B

Blood type B antibody

Marker molecule: B

Antibody: anti-A

Blood type AB antibody

Antibody: none

Blood type O antibody

Antibodies: anti-A and anti-B

Blood type A can donate to

A or AB

Blood type B can donate to

B or AB

Blood type AB can donate to

AB

Blood type O can donate to

A, B, AB, or O

Blood type A can recieve blood from

A or O

Blood type B can recieve blood from

B or O

Blood type AB can recieve blood from

A, B, AB, or O

Blood type O can recieve blood from

O

RH factor

Marker found on the furface of red blood cells (RH+ or RH-)

The negative of RH factor

Can cause complication during some pregnancies

External respiration

Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood, which occurs in the lungs

Cellular respiration equation

Oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + energy

Nose hairs

Filter out dust and other large particles in the air

Cilia

Trap foegin particles from the air and sweep them towards the throat

Mucous membranes

Beneath the cilia, warm and moisten the air while trapping forgein particles

Epiglottis

Covers the opening of the larynx, prevents food particles from entering the trachea

Trachea

The epiglottis allows air to pass from the larynx to a long tube in the chest cavity called this

Bronchi

Large tubes that lead to the lungs

Pleural membrane

Thin, transparent membrane that surrounds the lungs to protect it

Aveoulus wall

Thin, only one cell thick, and is surrounded by very thin capillaries that are responsible for gas exchange

Inhalation

All muscles contract and chest cavity increases in size

Exhalation

All muscles relac, diaphragm dooms up, chest cavity decreases in size